Publications

• Purification and molecular characterization of the NAD(+)-dependent acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase from Entamoeba histolytica.

  Bruchhaus I., Tannich E.

  A bifunctional 95 kDa polypeptide (EhADH2) harbouring acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities was purified to homogeneity from trophozoite extracts of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Kinetic studies revealed that the enzyme utilizes NAD+ rather than NADP+ as c ... >> More

  A bifunctional 95 kDa polypeptide (EhADH2) harbouring acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities was purified to homogeneity from trophozoite extracts of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Kinetic studies revealed that the enzyme utilizes NAD+ rather than NADP+ as cofactor. Km values for acetyl-CoA, acetaldehyde and ethanol were found to be 0.015, 0.15 and 80 mM respectively in the presence of 0.2 mM NAD+. The primary structure of EhADH2 as deduced from respective amoebic DNA sequences showed striking similarity to the trifunctional AdhE protein of Escherichia coli and the bifunctional AAD protein of Clostridium acetobutylicum. Alignment with a number of aldehyde dehydrogenases and alcohol dehydrogenases from various species suggested that the two catalytic functions of EhADH2 are located on separate parts of the molecule. By cross-linking experiments and electron-microscopic analysis, native EhADH2 was found to be organized in a homopolymeric fashion consisting of more than 20 associated promoters which form rods about 50-120 nm in length. << Less

  Biochem. J. 303:743-748(1994) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Isolation and biochemical analysis of ethyl methanesulfonate-induced alcohol dehydrogenase null mutants of arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

  Jacobs M., Dolferus R., Van den Bossche D.

  Several mutants have been isolated at the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene locus using allyl alcohol selection on ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized seeds. Eleven mutants were isolated in the ADH1-A electrophoretic allele, and 21 in the ADH1-S allele. These n ... >> More

  Several mutants have been isolated at the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene locus using allyl alcohol selection on ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized seeds. Eleven mutants were isolated in the ADH1-A electrophoretic allele, and 21 in the ADH1-S allele. These null mutants are characterized by the absence of measurable ADH activity and genetic data showed that the mutations were confined to the ADH1 gene locus of Arabidopsis. Eleven mutants in the ADH1-A background were further characterized at the protein and mRNA level. These experiments revealed striking differences in the ADH protein and mRNA content. Some of the mutants did not synthesize any mRNA or ADH-like protein, whereas some of them had a nearly normal level of ADH protein and mRNA. Others had a very low level of both protein and mRNA. ADH null mutants differed physiologically from the wild type by their higher sensitivity to anaerobic treatment in plants and significantly reduced resistance to acetaldehyde in suspension cultures. << Less

  Biochem. Genet. 26:105-122(1988) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Entamoeba histolytica has an alcohol dehydrogenase homologous to the multifunctional adhE gene product of Escherichia coli.

  Yang W., Li E., Kairong T., Stanley S.L. Jr.

  Entamoeba histolytica ferments glucose to ethanol under the anaerobic conditions of the human colon. There is special interest in this metabolic pathway because it provides an opportunity for parasite-specific chemotherapy. Peptide sequences from a 97-kDa E. histolytica protein, which was original ... >> More

  Entamoeba histolytica ferments glucose to ethanol under the anaerobic conditions of the human colon. There is special interest in this metabolic pathway because it provides an opportunity for parasite-specific chemotherapy. Peptide sequences from a 97-kDa E. histolytica protein, which was originally isolated because of extracellular matrix binding properties, were used to clone and sequence a gene that was found to encode an E. histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EhADH2). The EhADH2 cDNA clone had an open reading frame encoding 870 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 95,758. The EhADH2 cDNA clone was identical in 48% of its amino acids to the multifunctional enzyme (alcohol dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA reductase, and pyruvate-formate-lyase-deactivase) encoded by the Escherichia coli adhE gene. The isolation of the EhADH2 protein helps define a new family of ADH enzymes that may be specific to anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic organisms. << Less

  Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 64:253-260(1994) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Kinetics and equilibria in the liver alcohol dehydrogenase system.

  THEORELL H.

  Adv Enzymol Relat Subj Biochem 20:31-49(1958) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

• Characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase genes of derepressible wild-type Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 and constitutive mutants.

  Jendrossek D., Kruger N., Steinbuchel A.

  The nucleotide sequence of the gene that encodes the fermentative, derepressible alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 and of adjacent regions was recently determined. Two potential -10 regions resembling the Escherichia coli sigma 70 consensus sequence were identified 77 and 93 ... >> More

  The nucleotide sequence of the gene that encodes the fermentative, derepressible alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 and of adjacent regions was recently determined. Two potential -10 regions resembling the Escherichia coli sigma 70 consensus sequence were identified 77 and 93 nucleotides upstream of the structural gene. By determination of the 5' mRNA terminus of the wild-type adh gene, the proximal -10 region was identified as responsible for adh expression under derepressive conditions. Transcription started seven nucleotides downstream of this region, at position 388. Sequence analysis of seven mutants expressing the adh gene under aerobic conditions revealed mutations in one or the other potential -10 region. In all seven strains, the mutations restored the invariant T of the E. coli promoter consensus sequence. Mutants altered in the proximal -10 region transcribed the adh gene under aerobic conditions with the same 5' mRNA terminus as in the wild type; gene expression was impaired very little under aerobic conditions. Mutants altered in the distal -10 region also transcribed the adh gene aerobically but were still partially derepressible. The 5' mRNA terminus was seven nucleotides downstream of the distal -10 region, at position 372. When these mutants were cultivated under conditions of restricted oxygen supply, the adh gene was transcribed from both -10 regions, resulting in the synthesis of two mRNA species with different 5' termini. << Less

  J. Bacteriol. 172:4844-4851(1990) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 2 other entries.

• Differences between alcohol dehydrogenases. Structural properties and evolutionary aspects.

  Jornvall H.

  Comparisons of the primary structures of yeast and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenases reveal that the enzymes are homologous but distantly related. The overall positional identity is 25% between common regions, and several deletions/insertions occur in either enzyme, the longest apparently corresp ... >> More

  Comparisons of the primary structures of yeast and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenases reveal that the enzymes are homologous but distantly related. The overall positional identity is 25% between common regions, and several deletions/insertions occur in either enzyme, the longest apparently corresponding to 21 residues, showing that the different subunit sizes are largely explained by internal differences. Variabilities in the structural similarities can be coupled with functional requirements but not directly with whole domains in the previously known tertiary structure of the horse protein. The two most similar regions of the enzymes affect active-site segments and the two most dissimilar regions seem to affect a loop structure without known function, and a segment participating in subunit interactions. The dissimilarities may probably be correlated with changes in zinc-binding properties and quaternary structures. The extra region corresponding to the large internal chain-length difference shows an apparent coincidence in sequence to a following segment of the horse enzyme, and additional elements of internal coincidences, or superficial similarities with other dehydrogenases, are noticed. These characteristics are not fully distinguishable from chance distributions but in view of the extensive species variations in alcohol dehydrogenases some evolutionary considerations may not be excluded, in which case a model relating all regions of these and associated enzymes to a common ancestor is shown to be compatible with all known observations. << Less

  Eur J Biochem 72:443-452(1977) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

• Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida: a zinc metalloenzyme.

  Ogushi S., Ando M., Tsuru D.

  The NAD+-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida C-83 was found to contain 4 gram atoms of zinc per mol, corresponding to 2 gram atoms of zinc per subunit monomer. Treatment of the enzyme with o-phenanthroline resulted in removal of 1 gram atom of zinc per subunit and caused a ... >> More

  The NAD+-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida C-83 was found to contain 4 gram atoms of zinc per mol, corresponding to 2 gram atoms of zinc per subunit monomer. Treatment of the enzyme with o-phenanthroline resulted in removal of 1 gram atom of zinc per subunit and caused a complete inactivation of the enzyme. The activity lost was restored by the addition of zinc ions, by which the zinc content was also reversed to almost the same level as that of the native enzyme. Another zinc atom that was resistant to metal chelator-treatment was liberated from the enzyme only after the irreversible denaturation of the enzyme. These results indicate that the formaldehyde dehydrogenase of P. putida is a zinc metalloenzyme and one of two zinc atoms per subunit participates in the catalytic activity of the enzyme, another zinc being presumably involved in maintaining the native conformation of the enzyme. Treatment of the enzyme with bipyridine also caused a reversible inactivation of the enzyme, but the zinc content remained unchanged. The spectrophotometric analysis indicated that the formation of a enzyme-Zn-bipyridine complex took place. Incubation of the enzyme with p-chloromercuribenzoate also resulted in a complete loss of the activity. These results suggest that an intrinsic zinc and sulfhydryl group together with NAD+ participate in the dehydrogenation reaction of substrate by the enzyme. << Less

  J. Biochem. 96:1587-1591(1984) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 3 other entries.

• Purification and enzymatic characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana.

  Cheng F., Hu T., An Y., Huang J., Xu Y.

  Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) catalyze the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) to NADH. In this study, for the first time we report an over-expression and purification strategy for the Arabidosis thaliana ADH (AtADH), and c ... >> More

  Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) catalyze the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) to NADH. In this study, for the first time we report an over-expression and purification strategy for the Arabidosis thaliana ADH (AtADH), and characterize its enzymatic properties. AtADH was expressed in an Escherichia coli system, the polyhistidine-tag was removed after the recombinant AtADH protein was purified by metal chelating affinity chromatography. Activity assays demonstrated that AtADH has distinct enzymatic properties when compared with many well-known ADHs. It held peak activity at pH 10.5 and showed broad substrate selectivity for primary and secondary alcohols. The kinetic Km parameters for both ethanol and coenzyme were in the order of mM. This relative low affinity may reflect the need of the plant to maintain a supply of NAD(+) in nature. Different from yeast ADH, AtADH showed almost the same activity for short straight chain alcohols and reduced activity for secondary alcohols. This broad spectrum in alcohol selection and the observed higher catalytic activity (high Vmax (EtOH)) may result from the requirement of the single enzyme to accommodate many substrates. << Less

  Protein Expr. Purif. 90:74-77(2013) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• A multifunctional fermentative alcohol dehydrogenase from the strict aerobe Alcaligenes eutrophus: purification and properties.

  Steinbuchel A., Schlegel H.G.

  A NAD (P)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase was isolated from the soluble extract of the strictly respiratory bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus N9A. Derepression of the formation of this enzyme occurs only in cells incubated under conditions of restricted oxygen supply for prolonged times. The purificati ... >> More

  A NAD (P)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase was isolated from the soluble extract of the strictly respiratory bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus N9A. Derepression of the formation of this enzyme occurs only in cells incubated under conditions of restricted oxygen supply for prolonged times. The purification procedure included precipitation by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ammonium sulfate and subsequent chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, Cibacron blue F3G-A Sepharose and thiol-Sepharose. The procedure resulted in a 120-fold purification of a multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase exhibiting dehydrogenase activities for 2,3-butanediol, ethanol and acetaldehyde and reductase activities for diacetyl, acetoin and acetaldehyde. During purification the ratio between 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and ethanol dehydrogenase activity remained nearly constant. Recovering about 20% of the initial 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase activity, the specific activity of the final preparation was 70.0 U X mg protein-1 (2,3-butanediol oxidation) and 2.8 U X mg protein-1 (ethanol oxidation). The alcohol dehydrogenase is a tetramer of a relative molecular mass of 156000 consisting of four equal subunits. The determination of the Km values for different substrates and coenzymes as well as the determination of the pH optima for the reactions catalyzed resulted in values which were in good agreement with the fermentative function of this enzyme. The alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed the NAD (P)-dependent dismutation of acetaldehyde to acetate and ethanol. This reaction was studied in detail, and its possible involvement in acetate formation is discussed. Among various compounds tested for affecting enzyme activity only NAD, NADP, AMP, ADP, acetate and 2-mercaptoethanol exhibited significant effects. << Less

  Eur. J. Biochem. 141:555-564(1984) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 2 other entries.