Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 1,044 proteins |
| Enzyme class help_outline |
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Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
- Name help_outline an α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA Identifier CHEBI:176429 Charge -6 Formula C40H56N2O37P2R4 SMILEShelp_outline [C@H]1(OP(=O)([O-])[O-])[C@H](OC(=O)C[C@@H](*)O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C[C@@H](*)O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]1CO[C@@]2(C(=O)[O-])O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C2)O[C@@]3(C(=O)[O-])O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C3)O)[C@@H](CO)O)[C@@H](CO)O)OC[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O4)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])NC(=O)C[C@@H](*)O)OC(=O)C[C@@H](*)O)O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 12 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
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Namehelp_outline
a fatty acyl-[ACP]
Identifier
RHEA-COMP:14125
Reactive part
help_outline
- Name help_outline O-(S-fatty acylpantetheine-4ʼ-phosphoryl)-L-serine residue Identifier CHEBI:138651 Charge -1 Formula C15H24N3O9PSR SMILEShelp_outline C(NC(CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(COP(OC[C@@H](C(*)=O)N*)(=O)[O-])(C)C)O)=O)CSC(*)=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 16 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline an acyl-α-Kdo-(2→4)-α-Kdo-(2→6)-lipid IVA Identifier CHEBI:193149 Charge -6 Formula C41H55N2O38P2R5 SMILEShelp_outline [C@H]1(OP(=O)([O-])[O-])[C@H](OC(=O)C[C@@H](*)O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C[C@@H](*)OC(=O)*)[C@H](OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])NC(=O)C[C@@H](*)O)OC(=O)C[C@@H](*)O)O)O[C@@H]1CO[C@@]3(C[C@@H](O[C@]4(C([O-])=O)C[C@@H](O)[C@H]([C@](O4)([C@H](O)CO)[H])O)[C@@H](O)[C@](O3)([C@@H](CO)O)[H])C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 3 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
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Namehelp_outline
holo-[ACP]
Identifier
RHEA-COMP:9685
Reactive part
help_outline
- Name help_outline O-(pantetheine-4ʼ-phosphoryl)-L-serine residue Identifier CHEBI:64479 Charge -1 Formula C14H25N3O8PS SMILEShelp_outline C(NC(CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(COP(OC[C@@H](C(*)=O)N*)(=O)[O-])(C)C)O)=O)CS 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 196 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:74287 | RHEA:74288 | RHEA:74289 | RHEA:74290 | |
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| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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| EC numbers help_outline |
Related reactions help_outline
Specific form(s) of this reaction
Publications
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Effect of cold shock on lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Induction at 12 degrees C of an acyltransferase specific for palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein.
Carty S.M., Sreekumar K.R., Raetz C.R.
Palmitoleate is not present in lipid A isolated from Escherichia coli grown at 30 degrees C or higher, but it comprises approximately 11% of the fatty acyl chains of lipid A in cells grown at 12 degrees C. The appearance of palmitoleate at 12 degrees C is accompanied by a decline in laurate from a ... >> More
Palmitoleate is not present in lipid A isolated from Escherichia coli grown at 30 degrees C or higher, but it comprises approximately 11% of the fatty acyl chains of lipid A in cells grown at 12 degrees C. The appearance of palmitoleate at 12 degrees C is accompanied by a decline in laurate from approximately 18% to approximately 5.5%. We now report that wild-type E. coli shifted from 30 degrees C to 12 degrees C acquire a novel palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent acyltransferase that acts on the key lipid A precursor Kdo2-lipid IVA. The palmitoleoyl transferase is induced more than 30-fold upon cold shock, as judged by assaying extracts of cells shifted to 12 degrees C. The induced activity is maximal after 2 h of cold shock, and then gradually declines but does not disappear. Strains harboring an insertion mutation in the lpxL(htrB) gene, which encodes the enzyme that normally transfers laurate from lauroyl-ACP to Kdo2-lipid IVA (Clementz, T., Bednarski, J. J., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12095-12102) are not defective in the cold-induced palmitoleoyl transferase. Recently, a gene displaying 54% identity and 73% similarity at the protein level to lpxL was found in the genome of E. coli. This lpxL homologue, designated lpxP, encodes the cold shock-induced palmitoleoyl transferase. Extracts of cells containing lpxP on the multicopy plasmid pSK57 exhibit a 10-fold increase in the specific activity of the cold-induced palmitoleoyl transferase compared with cells lacking the plasmid. The elevated specific activity of the palmitoleoyl transferase under conditions of cold shock is attributed to greatly increased levels of lpxP mRNA. The replacement of laurate with palmitoleate in lipid A may reflect the desirability of maintaining the optimal outer membrane fluidity at 12 degrees C. << Less
J. Biol. Chem. 274:9677-9685(1999) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 2 other entries.
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An Escherichia coli mutant lacking the cold shock-induced palmitoleoyltransferase of lipid A biosynthesis: absence of unsaturated acyl chains and antibiotic hypersensitivity at 12 degrees C.
Vorachek-Warren M.K., Carty S.M., Lin S., Cotter R.J., Raetz C.R.
An acyltransferase induced by cold shock in Escherichia coli, designated LpxP, incorporates a palmitoleoyl moiety into nascent lipid A in place of the secondary laurate chain normally added by LpxL(HtrB) (Carty, S. M., Sreekumar, K. R., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 9677-9685). To ... >> More
An acyltransferase induced by cold shock in Escherichia coli, designated LpxP, incorporates a palmitoleoyl moiety into nascent lipid A in place of the secondary laurate chain normally added by LpxL(HtrB) (Carty, S. M., Sreekumar, K. R., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 9677-9685). To determine whether the palmitoleoyl residue alters the properties of the outer membrane and imparts physiological benefits at low growth temperatures, we constructed a chromosomal insertion mutation in lpxP, the structural gene for the transferase. Membranes from the lpxP mutant MKV11 grown at 12 degrees C lacked the cold-induced palmitoleoyltransferase present in membranes of cold-shocked wild type cells but retained normal levels of the constitutive lauroyltransferase encoded by lpxL. When examined by mass spectrometry, about two-thirds of the lipid A molecules isolated from wild type E. coli grown at 12 degrees C contained palmitoleate in place of laurate, whereas the lipid A of cold-adapted MKV11 contained only laurate in amounts comparable with those seen in wild type cells grown at 30 degrees C or above. To probe the integrity of the outer membrane, MKV11 and an isogenic wild type strain were grown at 30 or 12 degrees C and then tested for their susceptibility to antibiotics. MKV11 exhibited a 10-fold increase in sensitivity to rifampicin and vancomycin at 12 degrees C compared with wild type cells but showed identical resistance when grown at 30 degrees C. We suggest that the palmitoleoyltransferase may confer a selective advantage upon E. coli cells growing at lower temperatures by making the outer membrane a more effective barrier to harmful chemicals. << Less
J. Biol. Chem. 277:14186-14193(2002) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.