Enzymes
UniProtKB help_outline | 1 proteins |
Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
- Name help_outline A Identifier CHEBI:13193 Charge Formula R SMILEShelp_outline * 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2,870 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline phytyl diphosphate Identifier CHEBI:75434 Charge -3 Formula C20H39O7P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline ITPLBNCCPZSWEU-PYDDKJGSSA-K SMILEShelp_outline CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC\C(C)=C\COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 8 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate Identifier CHEBI:58756 (Beilstein: 3574726) help_outline Charge -3 Formula C20H33O7P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline OINNEUNVOZHBOX-QIRCYJPOSA-K SMILEShelp_outline CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 62 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline AH2 Identifier CHEBI:17499 Charge 0 Formula RH2 SMILEShelp_outline *([H])[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2,799 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
RHEA:64380 | RHEA:64381 | RHEA:64382 | RHEA:64383 | |
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Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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Publications
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Specific partial reduction of geranylgeranyl diphosphate by an enzyme from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius yields a reactive prenyl donor, not a dead-end product.
Sato S., Murakami M., Yoshimura T., Hemmi H.
Geranylgeranyl reductase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was shown to catalyze the reduction of geranylgeranyl groups in the precursors of archaeal membrane lipids, generally reducing all four double bonds. However, when geranylgeranyl diphosphate was subjected to the reductase reaction, only three ... >> More
Geranylgeranyl reductase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was shown to catalyze the reduction of geranylgeranyl groups in the precursors of archaeal membrane lipids, generally reducing all four double bonds. However, when geranylgeranyl diphosphate was subjected to the reductase reaction, only three of the four double bonds were reduced. Mass spectrometry and acid hydrolysis indicated that the allylic double bond was preserved in the partially reduced product derived from geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Thus, the reaction product was shown to be phytyl diphosphate, which is a substrate for archaeal prenyltransferases, unlike the completely reduced compound phytanyl diphosphate. << Less
J. Bacteriol. 190:3923-3929(2008) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 4 other entries.
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Constructing tailored isoprenoid products by structure-guided modification of geranylgeranyl reductase.
Kung Y., McAndrew R.P., Xie X., Liu C.C., Pereira J.H., Adams P.D., Keasling J.D.
The archaeal enzyme geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) catalyzes hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds to produce the saturated alkyl chains of the organism's unusual isoprenoid-derived cell membrane. Enzymatic reduction of isoprenoid double bonds is of considerable interest both to natural prod ... >> More
The archaeal enzyme geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) catalyzes hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds to produce the saturated alkyl chains of the organism's unusual isoprenoid-derived cell membrane. Enzymatic reduction of isoprenoid double bonds is of considerable interest both to natural products researchers and to synthetic biologists interested in the microbial production of isoprenoid drug or biofuel molecules. Here we present crystal structures of GGR from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, including the structure of GGR bound to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). The structures are presented alongside activity data that depict the sequential reduction of GGPP to H6GGPP via the intermediates H2GGPP and H4GGPP. We then modified the enzyme to generate sequence variants that display increased rates of H6GGPP production or are able to halt the extent of reduction at H2GGPP and H4GGPP. Crystal structures of these variants not only reveal the structural bases for their altered activities; they also shed light onto the catalytic mechanism employed. << Less