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- Name help_outline H+ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKeyhelp_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,431 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline ilicicolin C Identifier CHEBI:146156 Charge -1 Formula C23H30ClO4 InChIKeyhelp_outline IJEHYEVNWOYGMS-WGUBEYSISA-M SMILEShelp_outline C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1Cl)C)C=O)O)C/C=C(/CC[C@@]2([C@H](C(=O)CC[C@H]2C)C)C)\C)[O-] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline NADPH Identifier CHEBI:57783 (Beilstein: 10411862) help_outline Charge -4 Formula C21H26N7O17P3 InChIKeyhelp_outline ACFIXJIJDZMPPO-NNYOXOHSSA-J SMILEShelp_outline NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,279 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline O2 Identifier CHEBI:15379 (CAS: 7782-44-7) help_outline Charge 0 Formula O2 InChIKeyhelp_outline MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline O=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2,709 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline ascochlorin Identifier CHEBI:146157 Charge -1 Formula C23H28ClO4 InChIKeyhelp_outline SETVRSKZJJWOPA-FLDGXQSCSA-M SMILEShelp_outline C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1Cl)C)C([H])=O)O)C/C=C(/C=C/[C@@]2([C@H](C(=O)CC[C@H]2C)C)C)\C)[O-] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H2O Identifier CHEBI:15377 (Beilstein: 3587155; CAS: 7732-18-5) help_outline Charge 0 Formula H2O InChIKeyhelp_outline XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H]O[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 6,204 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline NADP+ Identifier CHEBI:58349 Charge -3 Formula C21H25N7O17P3 InChIKeyhelp_outline XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-K SMILEShelp_outline NC(=O)c1ccc[n+](c1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,285 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:63100 | RHEA:63101 | RHEA:63102 | RHEA:63103 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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Complete biosynthetic pathways of ascofuranone and ascochlorin in Acremonium egyptiacum.
Araki Y., Awakawa T., Matsuzaki M., Cho R., Matsuda Y., Hoshino S., Shinohara Y., Yamamoto M., Kido Y., Inaoka D.K., Nagamune K., Ito K., Abe I., Kita K.
Ascofuranone (AF) and ascochlorin (AC) are meroterpenoids produced by various filamentous fungi, including <i>Acremonium egyptiacum</i> (synonym: <i>Acremonium sclerotigenum</i>), and exhibit diverse physiological activities. In particular, AF is a promising drug candidate against African trypanos ... >> More
Ascofuranone (AF) and ascochlorin (AC) are meroterpenoids produced by various filamentous fungi, including <i>Acremonium egyptiacum</i> (synonym: <i>Acremonium sclerotigenum</i>), and exhibit diverse physiological activities. In particular, AF is a promising drug candidate against African trypanosomiasis and a potential anticancer lead compound. These compounds are supposedly biosynthesized through farnesylation of orsellinic acid, but the details have not been established. In this study, we present all of the reactions and responsible genes for AF and AC biosyntheses in <i>A. egyptiacum</i>, identified by heterologous expression, in vitro reconstruction, and gene deletion experiments with the aid of a genome-wide differential expression analysis. Both pathways share the common precursor, ilicicolin A epoxide, which is processed by the membrane-bound terpene cyclase (TPC) AscF in AC biosynthesis. AF biosynthesis branches from the precursor by hydroxylation at C-16 by the P450 monooxygenase AscH, followed by cyclization by a membrane-bound TPC AscI. All genes required for AC biosynthesis (<i>ascABCDEFG</i>) and a transcriptional factor (<i>ascR</i>) form a functional gene cluster, whereas those involved in the late steps of AF biosynthesis (<i>ascHIJ</i>) are present in another distantly located cluster. AF is therefore a rare example of fungal secondary metabolites requiring multilocus biosynthetic clusters, which are likely to be controlled by the single regulator, AscR. Finally, we achieved the selective production of AF in <i>A. egyptiacum</i> by genetically blocking the AC biosynthetic pathway; further manipulation of the strain will lead to the cost-effective mass production required for the clinical use of AF. << Less
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116:8269-8274(2019) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 9 other entries.