Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
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Namehelp_outline
Fe(II)-[cytochrome c]
Identifier
RHEA-COMP:10350
Reactive part
help_outline
- Name help_outline Fe2+ Identifier CHEBI:29033 (CAS: 15438-31-0) help_outline Charge 2 Formula Fe InChIKeyhelp_outline CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [Fe++] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 263 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H+ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKeyhelp_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,431 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline ouabain Identifier CHEBI:145798 Charge -1 Formula C29H43O12 InChIKeyhelp_outline MPLJNVZJPLASQC-HBYQJFLCSA-N SMILEShelp_outline O1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]2C[C@H]([C@]3([C@@](C2)(CC[C@]4([C@]5(CC[C@@H]([C@]5(C[C@H]([C@]34[H])O)C)C=6[CH-]OC(C6)=O)O)[H])O)CO)O)O)O)O)C 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline dihydroouabain Identifier CHEBI:131146 (CAS: 1183-35-3) help_outline Charge 0 Formula C29H46O12 InChIKeyhelp_outline ZTFGOPUOTATSAL-CFVDWFIMSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H][C@@]1(CC[C@]2(O)[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4(O)C[C@H](C[C@@H](O)[C@]4(CO)[C@@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]12C)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)C1COC(=O)C1 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
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Namehelp_outline
Fe(III)-[cytochrome c]
Identifier
RHEA-COMP:14399
Reactive part
help_outline
- Name help_outline Fe3+ Identifier CHEBI:29034 (CAS: 20074-52-6) help_outline Charge 3 Formula Fe InChIKeyhelp_outline VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [Fe+3] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 248 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:62540 | RHEA:62541 | RHEA:62542 | RHEA:62543 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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Discovery and characterization of a prevalent human gut bacterial enzyme sufficient for the inactivation of a family of plant toxins.
Koppel N., Bisanz J.E., Pandelia M.E., Turnbaugh P.J., Balskus E.P.
Although the human gut microbiome plays a prominent role in xenobiotic transformation, most of the genes and enzymes responsible for this metabolism are unknown. Recently, we linked the two-gene 'cardiac glycoside reductase' (<i>cgr</i>) operon encoded by the gut Actinobacterium <i>Eggerthella len ... >> More
Although the human gut microbiome plays a prominent role in xenobiotic transformation, most of the genes and enzymes responsible for this metabolism are unknown. Recently, we linked the two-gene 'cardiac glycoside reductase' (<i>cgr</i>) operon encoded by the gut Actinobacterium <i>Eggerthella lenta</i> to inactivation of the cardiac medication and plant natural product digoxin. Here, we compared the genomes of 25 <i>E. lenta</i> strains and close relatives, revealing an expanded 8-gene <i>cgr</i>-associated gene cluster present in all digoxin metabolizers and absent in non-metabolizers. Using heterologous expression and in vitro biochemical characterization, we discovered that a single flavin- and [4Fe-4S] cluster-dependent reductase, Cgr2, is sufficient for digoxin inactivation. Unexpectedly, Cgr2 displayed strict specificity for digoxin and other cardenolides. Quantification of <i>cgr2</i> in gut microbiomes revealed that this gene is widespread and conserved in the human population. Together, these results demonstrate that human-associated gut bacteria maintain specialized enzymes that protect against ingested plant toxins. << Less
Elife 7:E33953-E33953(2018) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 4 other entries.