Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 2 proteins |
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- Name help_outline cyclic tetraadenylate Identifier CHEBI:142457 Charge -4 Formula C40H44N20O24P4 InChIKeyhelp_outline MIALYWQLJTUJBG-HKIDEBSPSA-J SMILEShelp_outline NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@]3(O[C@@]4(COP(=O)([O-])O[C@@]5([C@](O[C@@](N6C=7N=CN=C(N)C7N=C6)([C@@H]5O)[H])(COP(=O)([O-])O[C@@]8([C@](O[C@@](N9C=%10N=CN=C(N)C%10N=C9)([C@@H]8O)[H])(COP(=O)([O-])O[C@@]%11([C@](O[C@@](N%12C=%13N=CN=C(N)C%13N=C%12)([C@@H]%11O)[H])(COP(=O)([O-])O[C@]4([C@H]3O)[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline 5'-hydroxy-diadenylate 2',3'-cylic phosphate Identifier CHEBI:142458 Charge -2 Formula C20H22N10O12P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline ZKDCIJKZCQKMKS-XPWFQUROSA-L SMILEShelp_outline NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](OP(OC[C@H]4O[C@@H](N5C=6N=CN=C(N)C6N=C5)[C@H]7[C@@H]4OP([O-])(=O)O7)(=O)[O-])[C@H]3O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:58012 | RHEA:58013 | RHEA:58014 | RHEA:58015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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Ring nucleases deactivate type III CRISPR ribonucleases by degrading cyclic oligoadenylate.
Athukoralage J.S., Rouillon C., Graham S., Grueschow S., White M.F.
The CRISPR system provides adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements in prokaryotes, using small CRISPR RNAs that direct effector complexes to degrade invading nucleic acids<sup>1-3</sup>. Type III effector complexes were recently demonstrated to synthesize a novel second messenger, cyclic ... >> More
The CRISPR system provides adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements in prokaryotes, using small CRISPR RNAs that direct effector complexes to degrade invading nucleic acids<sup>1-3</sup>. Type III effector complexes were recently demonstrated to synthesize a novel second messenger, cyclic oligoadenylate, on binding target RNA<sup>4,5</sup>. Cyclic oligoadenylate, in turn, binds to and activates ribonucleases and other factors-via a CRISPR-associated Rossman-fold domain-and thereby induces in the cell an antiviral state that is important for immunity. The mechanism of the 'off-switch' that resets the system is not understood. Here we identify the nuclease that degrades these cyclic oligoadenylate ring molecules. This 'ring nuclease' is itself a protein of the CRISPR-associated Rossman-fold family, and has a metal-independent mechanism that cleaves cyclic tetraadenylate rings to generate linear diadenylate species and switches off the antiviral state. The identification of ring nucleases adds an important insight to the CRISPR system. << Less