Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 1 proteins |
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- Name help_outline 3β-hydroxy-chol-5-ene-24-oyl-CoA Identifier CHEBI:86018 Charge -4 Formula C45H68N7O18P3S InChIKeyhelp_outline DKELDRAQTZYGEK-IOUXELQFSA-J SMILEShelp_outline C[C@H](CCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP([O-])([O-])=O)n1cnc2c(N)ncnc12)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline A Identifier CHEBI:13193 Charge Formula R SMILEShelp_outline * 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2,810 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline 3β-hydroxy-chol-5,22-dien-24-oyl-CoA Identifier CHEBI:86037 Charge -4 Formula C45H66N7O18P3S InChIKeyhelp_outline RHXDIMAKWNDUBA-FIKMKWAUSA-J SMILEShelp_outline C(/C=C/[C@]([C@@]1([C@]2(CC[C@@]3([C@]4(CC[C@@H](CC4=CC[C@]3([C@@]2(CC1)[H])[H])O)C)[H])C)[H])(C)[H])(=O)SCCNC(CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(COP(OP(OC[C@H]5O[C@@H](N6C=7C(=C(N=CN7)N)N=C6)[C@@H]([C@@H]5OP([O-])([O-])=O)O)(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-])(C)C)O)=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline AH2 Identifier CHEBI:17499 Charge 0 Formula RH2 SMILEShelp_outline *([H])[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2,740 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:46320 | RHEA:46321 | RHEA:46322 | RHEA:46323 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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Shrinking the FadE proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: insights into cholesterol metabolism through identification of an alpha2beta2 heterotetrameric acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase family.
Wipperman M.F., Yang M., Thomas S.T., Sampson N.S.
The ability of the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis to metabolize steroids like cholesterol and the roles that these compounds play in the virulence and pathogenesis of this organism are increasingly evident. Here, we demonstrate through experiments and bioinformatic analysis the existence of a ... >> More
The ability of the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis to metabolize steroids like cholesterol and the roles that these compounds play in the virulence and pathogenesis of this organism are increasingly evident. Here, we demonstrate through experiments and bioinformatic analysis the existence of an architecturally distinct subfamily of acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) dehydrogenase (ACAD) enzymes that are α2β2 heterotetramers with two active sites. These enzymes are encoded by two adjacent ACAD (fadE) genes that are regulated by cholesterol. FadE26-FadE27 catalyzes the dehydrogenation of 3β-hydroxy-chol-5-en-24-oyl-CoA, an analog of the 5-carbon side chain cholesterol degradation intermediate. Genes encoding the α2β2 heterotetrameric ACAD structures are present in multiple regions of the M. tuberculosis genome, and subsets of these genes are regulated by four different transcriptional repressors or activators: KstR1 (also known as KstR), KstR2, Mce3R, and SigE. Homologous ACAD gene pairs are found in other Actinobacteria, as well as Proteobacteria. Their structures and genomic locations suggest that the α2β2 heterotetrameric structural motif has evolved to enable catalysis of dehydrogenation of steroid- or polycyclic-CoA substrates and that they function in four subpathways of cholesterol metabolism. << Less
J Bacteriol 195:4331-4341(2013) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.
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Characterization of novel acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenases involved in bacterial steroid degradation.
Ruprecht A., Maddox J., Stirling A.J., Visaggio N., Seah S.Y.
<h4>Unlabelled</h4>The acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) dehydrogenases (ACADs) FadE34 and CasC, encoded by the cholesterol and cholate gene clusters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, respectively, were successfully purified. Both enzymes differ from previously characterized ACAD ... >> More
<h4>Unlabelled</h4>The acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) dehydrogenases (ACADs) FadE34 and CasC, encoded by the cholesterol and cholate gene clusters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, respectively, were successfully purified. Both enzymes differ from previously characterized ACADs in that they contain two fused acyl-CoA dehydrogenase domains in a single polypeptide. Site-specific mutagenesis showed that only the C-terminal ACAD domain contains the catalytic glutamate base required for enzyme activity, while the N-terminal ACAD domain contains an arginine required for ionic interactions with the pyrophosphate of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. Therefore, the two ACAD domains must associate to form a single active site. FadE34 and CasC were not active toward the 3-carbon side chain steroid metabolite 3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-22-oyl-CoA (4BNC-CoA) but were active toward steroid CoA esters containing 5-carbon side chains. CasC has similar specificity constants for cholyl-CoA, deoxycholyl-CoA, and 3β-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oyl-CoA, while FadE34 has a preference for the last compound, which has a ring structure similar to that of cholesterol metabolites. Knockout of the casC gene in R. jostii RHA1 resulted in a reduced growth on cholate as a sole carbon source and accumulation of a 5-carbon side chain cholate metabolite. FadE34 and CasC represent unique members of ACADs with primary structures and substrate specificities that are distinct from those of previously characterized ACADs.<h4>Importance</h4>We report here the identification and characterization of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) involved in the metabolism of 5-carbon side chains of cholesterol and cholate. The two homologous enzymes FadE34 and CasC, from M. tuberculosis and Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, respectively, contain two ACAD domains per polypeptide, and we show that these two domains interact to form a single active site. FadE34 and CasC are therefore representatives of a new class of ACADs with unique primary and quaternary structures. The bacterial steroid degradation pathway is important for the removal of steroid waste in the environment and for survival of the pathogen M. tuberculosis within host macrophages. FadE34 is a potential target for development of new antibiotics against tuberculosis. << Less
J. Bacteriol. 197:1360-1367(2015) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.