Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
- Name help_outline a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate Identifier CHEBI:61560 Charge -4 Formula C5H8O12P3R SMILEShelp_outline [C@H]1([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)*)O)COP(OP(OP(=O)([O-])[O-])(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 76 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H2O Identifier CHEBI:15377 (Beilstein: 3587155; CAS: 7732-18-5) help_outline Charge 0 Formula H2O InChIKeyhelp_outline XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H]O[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 6,204 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside Identifier CHEBI:18274 Charge 0 Formula C5H9O3R SMILEShelp_outline OC[C@H]1O[C@@H]([*])C[C@@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 52 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H+ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKeyhelp_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,431 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline triphosphate Identifier CHEBI:18036 (CAS: 14127-68-5) help_outline Charge -5 Formula O10P3 InChIKeyhelp_outline UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I SMILEShelp_outline [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 18 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
RHEA:46148 | RHEA:46149 | RHEA:46150 | RHEA:46151 | |
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Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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Related reactions help_outline
Specific form(s) of this reaction
Publications
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HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase.
Goldstone D.C., Ennis-Adeniran V., Hedden J.J., Groom H.C., Rice G.I., Christodoulou E., Walker P.A., Kelly G., Haire L.F., Yap M.W., de Carvalho L.P., Stoye J.P., Crow Y.J., Taylor I.A., Webb M.
SAMHD1, an analogue of the murine interferon (IFN)-γ-induced gene Mg11 (ref. 1), has recently been identified as a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) restriction factor that blocks early-stage virus replication in dendritic and other myeloid cells and is the target of the lentiviral protein Vp ... >> More
SAMHD1, an analogue of the murine interferon (IFN)-γ-induced gene Mg11 (ref. 1), has recently been identified as a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) restriction factor that blocks early-stage virus replication in dendritic and other myeloid cells and is the target of the lentiviral protein Vpx, which can relieve HIV-1 restriction. SAMHD1 is also associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), an inflammatory encephalopathy characterized by chronic cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis and elevated levels of the antiviral cytokine IFN-α. The pathology associated with AGS resembles congenital viral infection, such as transplacentally acquired HIV. Here we show that human SAMHD1 is a potent dGTP-stimulated triphosphohydrolase that converts deoxynucleoside triphosphates to the constituent deoxynucleoside and inorganic triphosphate. The crystal structure of the catalytic core of SAMHD1 reveals that the protein is dimeric and indicates a molecular basis for dGTP stimulation of catalytic activity against dNTPs. We propose that SAMHD1, which is highly expressed in dendritic cells, restricts HIV-1 replication by hydrolysing the majority of cellular dNTPs, thus inhibiting reverse transcription and viral complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis. << Less
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Structural insight into dGTP-dependent activation of tetrameric SAMHD1 deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase.
Zhu C., Gao W., Zhao K., Qin X., Zhang Y., Peng X., Zhang L., Dong Y., Zhang W., Li P., Wei W., Gong Y., Yu X.F.
SAMHD1 is a dGTP-activated deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) whose dNTPase activity has been linked to HIV/SIV restriction. The mechanism of its dGTP-activated dNTPase function remains unclear. Recent data also indicate that SAMHD1 regulates retrotransposition of LINE-1 el ... >> More
SAMHD1 is a dGTP-activated deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) whose dNTPase activity has been linked to HIV/SIV restriction. The mechanism of its dGTP-activated dNTPase function remains unclear. Recent data also indicate that SAMHD1 regulates retrotransposition of LINE-1 elements. Here we report the 1.8-Å crystal structure of homotetrameric SAMHD1 in complex with the allosteric activator and substrate dGTP/dATP. The structure indicates the mechanism of dGTP-dependent tetramer formation, which requires the cooperation of three subunits and two dGTP/dATP molecules at each allosteric site. Allosteric dGTP binding induces conformational changes at the active site, allowing a more stable interaction with the substrate and explaining the dGTP-induced SAMHD1 dNTPase activity. Mutations of dGTP binding residues in the allosteric site affect tetramer formation, dNTPase activity and HIV-1 restriction. dGTP-triggered tetramer formation is also important for SAMHD1-mediated LINE-1 regulation. The structural and functional information provided here should facilitate future investigation of SAMHD1 function, including dNTPase activity, LINE-1 modulation and HIV-1 restriction. << Less