Publications

• Key amino acid residues required for aryl migration catalysed by the cytochrome P450 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase.

  Sawada Y., Kinoshita K., Akashi T., Aoki T., Ayabe S.

  Isoflavonoids are distributed predominantly in leguminous plants, and play pivotal roles in the interaction of host plants with biological environments. Isoflavones in the diet also have beneficial effects on human health as phytoestrogens. The isoflavonoid skeleton is constructed by the CYP93C su ... >> More

  Isoflavonoids are distributed predominantly in leguminous plants, and play pivotal roles in the interaction of host plants with biological environments. Isoflavones in the diet also have beneficial effects on human health as phytoestrogens. The isoflavonoid skeleton is constructed by the CYP93C subfamily of cytochrome P450s in plant cells. The reaction consists of hydroxylation of the flavanone molecule at C-2 and an intramolecular 1,2-aryl migration from C-2 to C-3 to yield 2-hydroxyisoflavanone. In this study, with the aid of alignment of amino acid sequences of CYP93 family P450s and a computer-generated putative stereo structure of the protein, candidates for key amino acid residues in CYP93C2 responsible for the unique aryl migration in 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase reaction were identified. Microsomes of recombinant yeast cells expressing mutant proteins of CYP93C2 were prepared, and their catalytic activities tested. The reaction with the mutant in which Ser 310 in the centre of the I-helix was converted to Thr yielded increased formation of 3-hydroxyflavanone, a by-product of the 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase reaction, in addition to the major isoflavonoid product. More dramatically, the mutant in which Lys 375 in the end of beta-sheet 1-4 was replaced with Thr produced only 3-hydroxyflavanone and did not yield the isoflavonoid any longer. The roles of these amino acid residues in the catalysis and evolution of isoflavonoid biosynthesis are discussed. << Less

  Plant J. 31:555-564(2002) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Molecular characterization of the enzyme catalyzing the aryl migration reaction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean.

  Steele C.L., Gijzen M., Qutob D., Dixon R.A.

  The first specific reaction in the biosynthesis of isoflavonoid compounds in plants is the 2-hydroxylation, coupled to aryl migration, of a flavanone. Using a functional genomics approach, we have characterized a cDNA encoding a 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase from soybean (Glycine max). Microsomes ... >> More

  The first specific reaction in the biosynthesis of isoflavonoid compounds in plants is the 2-hydroxylation, coupled to aryl migration, of a flavanone. Using a functional genomics approach, we have characterized a cDNA encoding a 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase from soybean (Glycine max). Microsomes isolated from insect cells expressing this cytochrome P450 from a baculovirus vector convert 4', 7-dihydroxyflavanone (liquiritigenin) to 4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone (daidzein), most likely via 2,4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone which spontaneously dehydrates to daidzein. The enzyme also converts naringenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) to genistein, but at a lower rate. 2-Hydroxyisoflavanone synthase transcripts are strongly induced in alfalfa cell suspensions in response to elicitation. << Less

  Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 367:146-150(1999) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Reaction mechanism of oxidative rearrangement of flavanone in isoflavone biosynthesis.

  Hashim M.F., Hakamatsuka T., Ebizuka Y., Sankawa U.

  Microsomes that were prepared from elicitor-treated Pueraria lobata cell cultures catalyzed the conversion of liquiritigenin, a flavanone, into daidzein, an isoflavone. The reaction was resolved into two steps. 2, 7, 4'-Trihydroxyisoflavonone was formed as a major product when liquiritigenin was i ... >> More

  Microsomes that were prepared from elicitor-treated Pueraria lobata cell cultures catalyzed the conversion of liquiritigenin, a flavanone, into daidzein, an isoflavone. The reaction was resolved into two steps. 2, 7, 4'-Trihydroxyisoflavonone was formed as a major product when liquiritigenin was incubated with carefully washed microsomes in the presence of NADPH. The structure of 2, 7, 4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone was confirmed by mass and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The enzyme responsible for this rearrangement reaction is a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase. Upon treatment with a soluble enzyme fraction 2, 7, 4'-trihydroxyisoflavone yielded daidzein quantitatively. The incorporation of 18O from 18O2 into the 2-hydroxy group of 2, 7, 4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone was demonstrated by the shift of molecular ion in its mass spectrum. Based on these observations a new reaction mechanism, hydroxylation associated with 1,2-migration, is proposed for the oxidative rearrangement reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome P-450 enzyme of Pueraria lobata. << Less

  FEBS Lett 271:219-222(1990) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Enzymic synthesis of isoflavones.

  Kochs G., Grisebach H.

  The NADPH and oxygen-dependent conversion of (2S)-naringenin to genistein catalyzed by a microsomal preparation from elicitor-treated soybean cell suspension cultures has been resolved into two steps. In the first step (2S)-naringenin is converted to a product (P-2) which yields genistein in a sec ... >> More

  The NADPH and oxygen-dependent conversion of (2S)-naringenin to genistein catalyzed by a microsomal preparation from elicitor-treated soybean cell suspension cultures has been resolved into two steps. In the first step (2S)-naringenin is converted to a product (P-2) which yields genistein in a second step. The chemical behaviour of P-2 and its ultraviolet and mass spectral data are consistent with a 2-hydroxyisoflavanone structure. The conversion of (2S)-naringenin to P-2 requires NADPH, oxygen and cytochrome P-450. The participation of cytochrome P-450 was demonstrated by CO inhibition of the reaction and its partial reversal by light, and by inhibition with typical cytochrome P-450 inhibitors. On a Percoll gradient the membrane fraction which catalyzes P-2 formation coincides with marker enzymes for the endoplasmic reticulum and with the position of cytochrome P-450. Enzymatic activity for conversion of P-2 to genistein is mainly present in the supernatant of the 160 000 X g fraction. This reaction, formally a dehydration, does not require NADPH or oxygen. << Less

  Eur J Biochem 155:311-318(1986) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Multiple mutagenesis of P450 isoflavonoid synthase reveals a key active-site residue.

  Sawada Y., Ayabe S.

  The leguminous isoflavonoid skeleton is constructed by P450 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase (CYP93C). Two active-site residues of CYP93C2, Ser 310 and Lys 375, are critical for unusual aryl migration of the flavanone substrate. Leu 371 is located near the substrate in a homology model, and mutant p ... >> More

  The leguminous isoflavonoid skeleton is constructed by P450 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase (CYP93C). Two active-site residues of CYP93C2, Ser 310 and Lys 375, are critical for unusual aryl migration of the flavanone substrate. Leu 371 is located near the substrate in a homology model, and mutant proteins regarding this residue were expressed in recombinant yeast microsomes. The single mutant, L371V, yielded only inactive P420, but multiple mutants incorporating K375T restored the P450 fold: the S310T-L371V-K375T triple mutant showed four times higher P450 level than the wild type. L371V-K375T and S310T-L371V-K375T produced a mixture of major 3beta-hydroxyflavanone and minor flavone, and 100% flavone, respectively, from a flavanone. Thus, Leu 371 appeared to control the substrate accommodation in favor of hydrogen abstraction from C-3 of the flavanone molecule and contribute to the P450 fold under the presence of Lys 375, the residue responsible for aryl migration. The molecular evolution of CYP93 enzymes is discussed. << Less

  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 330:907-913(2005) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.