Rhea - reaction knowledgebase

Enzymes

UniProtKB ^help_outline	1 proteins
Enzyme class ^help_outline	EC 1.1.1.306 S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol dehydrogenase
GO Molecular Function ^help_outline	GO:0050607 mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

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Name ^help_outline S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol Identifier CHEBI:61586 Charge 0 Formula C18H32N2O13S InChIKey^help_outline QHDGYCVBKYWETJ-QFVXKRNMSA-N SMILES^help_outline CC(=O)N[C@@H](CSCO)C(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline NAD⁺ Identifier CHEBI:57540 (Beilstein: 3868403) ^help_outline Charge -1 Formula C21H26N7O14P2 InChIKey^help_outline BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-M SMILES^help_outline NC(=O)c1ccc[n+](c1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,190 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline S-formylmycothiol Identifier CHEBI:15735 Charge 0 Formula C18H30N2O13S InChIKey^help_outline JFPVMCRFDBEEHF-QFVXKRNMSA-N SMILES^help_outline [H]C(=O)SC[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline NADH Identifier CHEBI:57945 (Beilstein: 3869564) ^help_outline Charge -2 Formula C21H27N7O14P2 InChIKey^help_outline BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-L SMILES^help_outline NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,120 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline H⁺ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKey^help_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES^help_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,521 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule

Cross-references

	RHEA:28502	RHEA:28503	RHEA:28504	RHEA:28505
Reaction direction	undefined	left-to-right	right-to-left	bidirectional
UniProtKB ^help_outline	1 proteins
EC numbers ^help_outline	1.1.1.306
Gene Ontology ^help_outline	GO:0050607
KEGG ^help_outline				R09129
MetaCyc ^help_outline		1.2.1.66-RXN

Publications

Mycothiol-dependent proteins in actinomycetes.

Rawat M., Av-Gay Y.

The pseudodisaccharide mycothiol is present in millimolar levels as the dominant thiol in most species of Actinomycetales. The primary role of mycothiol is to maintain the intracellular redox homeostasis. As such, it acts as an electron acceptor/donor and serves as a cofactor in detoxification rea ... >> More

The pseudodisaccharide mycothiol is present in millimolar levels as the dominant thiol in most species of Actinomycetales. The primary role of mycothiol is to maintain the intracellular redox homeostasis. As such, it acts as an electron acceptor/donor and serves as a cofactor in detoxification reactions for alkylating agents, free radicals and xenobiotics. In addition, like glutathione, mycothiol may be involved in catabolic processes with an essential role for growth on recalcitrant chemicals such as aromatic compounds. Following a little over a decade of research since the discovery of mycothiol in 1994, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of mycothiol as an enzyme cofactor and consider possible mycothiol-dependent enzymes. << Less

FEMS Microbiol Rev 31:278-292(2007) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
Mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, a prokaryotic medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, phylogenetically links different eukaroytic alcohol dehydrogenases -- primary structure, conformational modelling and functional correlations.

Norin A., van Ophem P.W., Piersma S.R., Persson B., Duine J.A., Joernvall H.

Prokaryotic mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase has been structurally characterized by peptide analysis of the 360-residue protein chain and by molecular modelling and functional correlation with the conformational properties of zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases. The structure is f ... >> More

Prokaryotic mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase has been structurally characterized by peptide analysis of the 360-residue protein chain and by molecular modelling and functional correlation with the conformational properties of zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases. The structure is found to be a divergent medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR), at a phylogenetic position intermediate between the cluster of dimeric alcohol dehydrogenases of all classes (including the human forms), and several tetrameric reductases/dehydrogenases. Molecular modelling and functionally important residues suggest a fold of the mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase related overall to that of MDR alcohol dehydrogenases, with the presence of the catalytic and structural zinc atoms, but otherwise much altered active-site relationships compatible with the different substrate specificity, and an altered loop structure compatible with differences in the quaternary structure. Residues typical of glutathione binding in class-III alcohol dehydrogenase are not present, consistent with that the mycothiol factor is not closely similar to glutathione. The molecular architecture is different from that of the 'constant' alcohol dehydrogenases (of class-III type) and the 'variable' alcohol dehydrogenases (of class-I and class-II types), further supporting the unique structure of mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. Borders of internal chain-length differences between this and other MDR enzymes coincide in different combinations, supporting the concept of limited changes in loop regions within this whole family of proteins. << Less

Eur. J. Biochem. 248:282-289(1997) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
Mycothiol, 1-O-(2'-[N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl]amido-2'-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-myo-inositol, is the factor of NAD/factor-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase.

Misset-Smits M., van Ophem P.W., Sakuda S., Duine J.A.

Two different NAD/coenzyme-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases exist, the well-known NAD/GSH-dependent (EC 1.2.1.1) and the more recently discovered NAD/Factor-dependent enzyme. The GSH-dependent one has been found in eukaryotes and Gram-negative bacteria, the Factor-dependent one in two differe ... >> More

Two different NAD/coenzyme-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases exist, the well-known NAD/GSH-dependent (EC 1.2.1.1) and the more recently discovered NAD/Factor-dependent enzyme. The GSH-dependent one has been found in eukaryotes and Gram-negative bacteria, the Factor-dependent one in two different Gram-positive bacteria. Previous work also showed that Factor and GSH are not interchangeable in the enzymatic reactions. Here it is revealed that the Factor is identical to mycothiol (MySH), 1-O-(2'-[N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl]-amido-2'-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-myo-inositol, a thiol compound which has recently been detected in Actinomycetes. Thus, MySH is GSH's companion as it is the coenzyme for the enzyme which henceforth can be indicated as NAD/MySH-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. << Less

FEBS Lett. 409:221-222(1997) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

RHEA:28502 S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol + NAD(+) = S-formylmycothiol + NADH + H(+)

Enzymes

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Cross-references

Publications

Mycothiol-dependent proteins in actinomycetes.

Mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, a prokaryotic medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, phylogenetically links different eukaroytic alcohol dehydrogenases -- primary structure, conformational modelling and functional correlations.

Mycothiol, 1-O-(2'-[N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl]amido-2'-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-myo-inositol, is the factor of NAD/factor-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase.