Enzymes
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- Name help_outline glutathione Identifier CHEBI:57925 Charge -1 Formula C10H16N3O6S InChIKeyhelp_outline RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-M SMILEShelp_outline [NH3+][C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 104 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline O2 Identifier CHEBI:15379 (CAS: 7782-44-7) help_outline Charge 0 Formula O2 InChIKeyhelp_outline MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline O=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2,727 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline glutathione disulfide Identifier CHEBI:58297 Charge -2 Formula C20H30N6O12S2 InChIKeyhelp_outline YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-BJDJZHNGSA-L SMILEShelp_outline [NH3+][C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)CC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O)C(=O)NCC([O-])=O)C(=O)NCC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 37 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H2O2 Identifier CHEBI:16240 (CAS: 7722-84-1) help_outline Charge 0 Formula H2O2 InChIKeyhelp_outline MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H]OO[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 452 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:24112 | RHEA:24113 | RHEA:24114 | RHEA:24115 | |
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| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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Publications
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Characterization of sulfhydryl oxidase from Aspergillus tubingensis.
Nivala O., Faccio G., Arvas M., Permi P., Buchert J., Kruus K., Mattinen M.L.
<h4>Background</h4>Despite of the presence of sulfhydryl oxidases (SOXs) in the secretomes of industrially relevant organisms and their many potential applications, only few of these enzymes have been biochemically characterized. In addition, basic functions of most of the SOX enzymes reported so ... >> More
<h4>Background</h4>Despite of the presence of sulfhydryl oxidases (SOXs) in the secretomes of industrially relevant organisms and their many potential applications, only few of these enzymes have been biochemically characterized. In addition, basic functions of most of the SOX enzymes reported so far are not fully understood. In particular, the physiological role of secreted fungal SOXs is unclear.<h4>Results</h4>The recently identified SOX from Aspergillus tubingensis (AtSOX) was produced, purified and characterized in the present work. AtSOX had a pH optimum of 6.5, and showed a good pH stability retaining more than 80% of the initial activity in a pH range 4-8.5 within 20 h. More than 70% of the initial activity was retained after incubation at 50 °C for 20 h. AtSOX contains a non-covalently bound flavin cofactor. The enzyme oxidised a sulfhydryl group of glutathione to form a disulfide bond, as verified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AtSOX preferred glutathione as a substrate over cysteine and dithiothreitol. The activity of the enzyme was totally inhibited by 10 mM zinc sulphate. Peptide- and protein-bound sulfhydryl groups in bikunin, gliotoxin, holomycin, insulin B chain, and ribonuclease A, were not oxidised by the enzyme. Based on the analysis of 33 fungal genomes, SOX enzyme encoding genes were found close to nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) but not with polyketide synthases (PKS). In the phylogenetic tree, constructed from 25 SOX and thioredoxin reductase sequences from IPR000103 InterPro family, AtSOX was evolutionary closely related to other Aspergillus SOXs. Oxidoreductases involved in the maturation of nonribosomal peptides of fungal and bacterial origin, namely GliT, HlmI and DepH, were also evolutionary closely related to AtSOX whereas fungal thioreductases were more distant.<h4>Conclusions</h4>AtSOX (55 kDa) is a fungal secreted flavin-dependent enzyme with good stability to both pH and temperature. A Michaelis-Menten behaviour was observed with reduced glutathione as a substrate. Based on the location of SOX enzyme encoding genes close to NRPSs, SOXs could be involved in the secondary metabolism and act as an accessory enzyme in the production of nonribosomal peptides. << Less
Comments
Published in: "Purification and properties of a new enzyme, glutathione oxidase from Penicillium sp.K-6-5." Kusakabe, H., Kuninaka, A. and Yoshino, H. Agric. Biol. Chem. 46 (1982) 2057–2067.