Publications

• The structures of L-rhamnose isomerase from Pseudomonas stutzeri in complexes with L-rhamnose and D-allose provide insights into broad substrate specificity.

  Yoshida H., Yamada M., Ohyama Y., Takada G., Izumori K., Kamitori S.

  Pseudomonas stutzeri L-rhamnose isomerase (P. stutzeri L-RhI) can efficiently catalyze the isomerization between various aldoses and ketoses, showing a broad substrate specificity compared to L-RhI from Escherichia coli (E. coli L-RhI). To understand the relationship between structure and substrat ... >> More

  Pseudomonas stutzeri L-rhamnose isomerase (P. stutzeri L-RhI) can efficiently catalyze the isomerization between various aldoses and ketoses, showing a broad substrate specificity compared to L-RhI from Escherichia coli (E. coli L-RhI). To understand the relationship between structure and substrate specificity, the crystal structures of P. stutzeri L-RhI alone and in complexes with L-rhamnose and D-allose which has different configurations of C4 and C5 from L-rhamnose, were determined at a resolution of 2.0 A, 1.97 A, and 1.97 A, respectively. P. stutzeri L-RhI has a large domain with a (beta/alpha)(8) barrel fold and an additional small domain composed of seven alpha-helices, forming a homo tetramer, as found in E. coli L-RhI and D-xylose isomerases (D-XIs) from various microorganisms. The beta1-alpha1 loop (Gly60-Arg76) of P. stutzeri L-RhI is involved in the substrate binding of a neighbouring molecule, as found in D-XIs, while in E. coli L-RhI, the corresponding beta1-alpha1 loop is extended (Asp52-Arg78) and covers the substrate-binding site of the same molecule. The complex structures of P. stutzeri L-RhI with L-rhamnose and D-allose show that both substrates are nicely fitted to the substrate-binding site. The part of the substrate-binding site interacting with the substrate at the 1, 2, and 3 positions is equivalent to E. coli L-RhI, and the other part interacting with the 4, 5, and 6 positions is similar to D-XI. In E. coli L-RhI, the beta1-alpha1 loop creates an unique hydrophobic pocket at the the 4, 5, and 6 positions, leading to the strictly recognition of L-rhamnose as the most suitable substrate, while in P. stutzeri L-RhI, there is no corresponding hydrophobic pocket where Phe66 from a neighbouring molecule merely forms hydrophobic interactions with the substrate, leading to the loose substrate recognition at the 4, 5, and 6 positions. << Less

  J Mol Biol 365:1505-1516(2007) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

• Elucidation of the role of Ser329 and the C-terminal region in the catalytic activity of Pseudomonas stutzeri L-rhamnose isomerase.

  Yoshida H., Takeda K., Izumori K., Kamitori S.

  Pseudomonas stutzeri l-rhamnose isomerase (l-RhI) is capable of catalyzing the isomerization between various aldoses and ketoses, showing high catalytic activity with broad substrate-specificity compared with Escherichia coli l-RhI. In a previous study, the crystal structure of P. stutzeri l-RhI r ... >> More

  Pseudomonas stutzeri l-rhamnose isomerase (l-RhI) is capable of catalyzing the isomerization between various aldoses and ketoses, showing high catalytic activity with broad substrate-specificity compared with Escherichia coli l-RhI. In a previous study, the crystal structure of P. stutzeri l-RhI revealed an active site comparable with that of E. coli l-RhI and d-xylose isomerases (d-XIs) with structurally conserved amino acids, but also with a different residue seemingly responsible for the specificity of P. stutzeri l-RhI, though the residue itself does not interact with the bound substrate. This residue, Ser329, corresponds to Phe336 in E. coli l-RhI and Lys294 in Actinoplanes missouriensis d-XI. To elucidate the role of Ser329 in P. stutzeri l-RhI, we constructed mutants, S329F (E. coli l-RhI type), S329K (A. missouriensis d-XI type), S329L and S329A. Analyses of the catalytic activity and crystal structure of the mutants revealed a hydroxyl group of Ser329 to be crucial for catalytic activity via interaction with a water molecule. In addition, in complexes with substrate, the mutants S329F and S329L exhibited significant electron density in the C-terminal region not observed in the wild-type P. stutzeri l-RhI. The C-terminal region of P. stutzeri l-RhI has flexibility and shows a flip-flop movement at the inter-molecular surface of the dimeric form. << Less

  Protein Eng Des Sel 23:919-927(2010) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

• X-ray structure and characterization of a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 L-rhamnose isomerase.

  Yoshida H., Yamamoto N., Kurahara L.H., Izumori K., Yoshihara A.

  A recombinant L-rhamnose isomerase (L-RhI) from probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 (L. rhamnosus Probio-M9) was expressed. L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 was isolated from human colostrum and identified as a probiotic lactic acid bacterium, which can grow using L-rhamnose. L-RhI is one of the enz ... >> More

  A recombinant L-rhamnose isomerase (L-RhI) from probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 (L. rhamnosus Probio-M9) was expressed. L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 was isolated from human colostrum and identified as a probiotic lactic acid bacterium, which can grow using L-rhamnose. L-RhI is one of the enzymes involved in L-rhamnose metabolism and catalyzes the reversible isomerization between L-rhamnose and L-rhamnulose. Some L-RhIs were reported to catalyze isomerization not only between L-rhamnose and L-rhamnulose but also between D-allulose and D-allose, which are known as rare sugars. Those L-RhIs are attractive enzymes for rare sugar production and have the potential to be further improved by enzyme engineering; however, the known crystal structures of L-RhIs recognizing rare sugars are limited. In addition, the optimum pH levels of most reported L-RhIs are basic rather than neutral, and such a basic condition causes non-enzymatic aldose-ketose isomerization, resulting in unexpected by-products. Herein, we report the crystal structures of L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 L-RhI (LrL-RhI) in complexes with L-rhamnose, D-allulose, and D-allose, which show enzyme activity toward L-rhamnose, D-allulose, and D-allose in acidic conditions, though the activity toward D-allose was low. In the complex with L-rhamnose, L-rhamnopyranose was found in the catalytic site, showing favorable recognition for catalysis. In the complex with D-allulose, D-allulofuranose and ring-opened D-allulose were observed in the catalytic site. However, bound D-allose in the pyranose form was found in the catalytic site of the complex with D-allose, which was unfavorable for recognition, like an inhibition mode. The structure of the complex may explain the low activity toward D-allose. KEY POINTS: • Crystal structures of LrL-RhI in complexes with substrates were determined. • LrL-RhI exhibits enzyme activity toward L-rhamnose, D-allulose, and D-allose. • The LrL-RhI is active in acidic conditions. << Less

  Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 108:249-249(2024) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Catalytic reaction mechanism of Pseudomonas stutzeri L-rhamnose isomerase deduced from X-ray structures.

  Yoshida H., Yamaji M., Ishii T., Izumori K., Kamitori S.

  L-Rhamnose isomerase (L-RhI) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of L-rhamnose to L-rhamnulose. Pseudomonas stutzeril-RhI, with a broad substrate specificity, can catalyze not only the isomerization of L-rhamnose, but also that between D-allose and D-psicose. For the aldose-ketose isomerization ... >> More

  L-Rhamnose isomerase (L-RhI) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of L-rhamnose to L-rhamnulose. Pseudomonas stutzeril-RhI, with a broad substrate specificity, can catalyze not only the isomerization of L-rhamnose, but also that between D-allose and D-psicose. For the aldose-ketose isomerization by L-RhI, a metal-mediated hydride-shift mechanism has been proposed, but the catalytic mechanism is still not entirely understood. To elucidate the entire reaction mechanism, the X-ray structures of P. stutzeril-RhI in an Mn(2+)-bound form, and of two inactive mutant forms of P. stutzeril-RhI (S329K and D327N) in a complex with substrate/product, were determined. The structure of the Mn(2+)-bound enzyme indicated that the catalytic site interconverts between two forms with the displacement of the metal ion to recognize both pyranose and furanose ring substrates. Solving the structures of S329K-substrates allowed us to examine the metal-mediated hydride-shift mechanism of L-RhI in detail. The structural analysis of D327N-substrates and additional modeling revealed Asp327 to be responsible for the ring opening of furanose, and a water molecule coordinating with the metal ion to be involved in the ring opening of pyranose. << Less

  FEBS J 277:1045-1057(2010) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]