Publications

• Molecular cloning and expression of rat liver bile acid CoA ligase.

  Falany C.N., Xie X., Wheeler J.B., Wang J., Smith M., He D., Barnes S.

  Bile acid CoA ligase (BAL) is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the conjugation of bile acids with amino acids. Sequencing of putative rat liver BAL cDNAs identified a cDNA (rBAL-1) possessing a 51 nucleotide 5'-untranslated region, an open reading frame of 2,070 bases encoding a 690 aa ... >> More

  Bile acid CoA ligase (BAL) is responsible for catalyzing the first step in the conjugation of bile acids with amino acids. Sequencing of putative rat liver BAL cDNAs identified a cDNA (rBAL-1) possessing a 51 nucleotide 5'-untranslated region, an open reading frame of 2,070 bases encoding a 690 aa protein with a molecular mass of 75,960 Da, and a 138 nucleotide 3'-nontranslated region followed by a poly(A) tail. Identity of the cDNA was established by: 1) the rBAL-1 open reading frame encoded peptides obtained by chemical sequencing of the purified rBAL protein; 2) expressed rBAL-1 protein comigrated with purified rBAL during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; and 3) rBAL-1 expressed in insect Sf9 cells had enzymatic properties that were comparable to the enzyme isolated from rat liver. Evidence for a relationship between fatty acid and bile acid metabolism is suggested by specific inhibition of rBAL-1 by cis-unsaturated fatty acids and its high homology to a human very long chain fatty acid CoA ligase. In summary, these results indicate that the cDNA for rat liver BAL has been isolated and expression of the rBAL cDNA in insect Sf9 cells results in a catalytically active enzyme capable of utilizing several different bile acids as substrates. << Less

  J. Lipid Res. 43:2062-2071(2002) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 2 other entries.

• Participation of two members of the very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase family in bile acid synthesis and recycling.

  Mihalik S.J., Steinberg S.J., Pei Z., Park J., Kim do G., Heinzer A.K., Dacremont G., Wanders R.J., Cuebas D.A., Smith K.D., Watkins P.A.

  Bile acids are synthesized de novo in the liver from cholesterol and conjugated to glycine or taurine via a complex series of reactions involving multiple organelles. Bile acids secreted into the small intestine are efficiently reabsorbed and reutilized. Activation by thioesterification to CoA is ... >> More

  Bile acids are synthesized de novo in the liver from cholesterol and conjugated to glycine or taurine via a complex series of reactions involving multiple organelles. Bile acids secreted into the small intestine are efficiently reabsorbed and reutilized. Activation by thioesterification to CoA is required at two points in bile acid metabolism. First, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoic acid, the 27-carbon precursor of cholic acid, must be activated to its CoA derivative before side chain cleavage via peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Second, reutilization of cholate and other C24 bile acids requires reactivation prior to re-conjugation. We reported previously that homolog 2 of very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (VLCS) can activate cholate (Steinberg, S. J., Mihalik, S. J., Kim, D. G., Cuebas, D. A., and Watkins, P. A. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 15605-15608). We now show that this enzyme also activates chenodeoxycholate, the secondary bile acids deoxycholate and lithocholate, and 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoic acid. In contrast, VLCS activated 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate, but did not utilize any of the C24 bile acids as substrates. We hypothesize that the primary function of homolog 2 is in the reactivation and recycling of C24 bile acids, whereas VLCS participates in the de novo synthesis pathway. Results of in situ hybridization, topographic orientation, and inhibition studies are consistent with the proposed roles of these enzymes in bile acid metabolism. << Less

  J. Biol. Chem. 277:24771-24779(2002) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 6 other entries.

• Determination of the mechanism of reaction for bile acid: CoA ligase.

  Kelley M., Vessey D.A.

  The reaction of cholic acid, CoA and ATP to yield cholyl-CoA was investigated by kinetic analysis of the reaction as catalysed by guinea pig liver microsomes. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for divalent cation for activity so all kinetic analyses were carried out in excess Mn2+. A trisubst ... >> More

  The reaction of cholic acid, CoA and ATP to yield cholyl-CoA was investigated by kinetic analysis of the reaction as catalysed by guinea pig liver microsomes. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for divalent cation for activity so all kinetic analyses were carried out in excess Mn2+. A trisubstrate kinetic analysis was conducted by varying, one at a time ATP cholate and CoA. Both ATP and cholate gave parallel double reciprocal plots versus CoA, which indicates a ping-pong mechanism with either pyrophosphate or AMP leaving prior to the binding of CoA. Addition of pyrophosphate to the assays changed the parallel plots to intersecting ones; addition of AMP did not. This indicates that pyrophosphate is the first product. The end-product, AMP, was a competitive inhibitor versus ATP, as was cholyl-CoA at saturating concentrations of cholate. Both AMP and cholyl-CoA were uncompetitive inhibitors versus CoA. Based on this information, it was concluded that the reaction follows a bi uni uni bi ping-pong mechanism with ATP binding first, and with the release of the final products, AMP and cholyl-CoA, being random. CoA showed substrate inhibition at high but non-saturating concentrations and this inhibition was competitive versus ATP, which is consistent with the predicted ping-pong mechanism. The ability of cholyl-CoA, but not cholate or CoA, to bind with high affinity to the free enzyme was suggestive of a high affinity of the enzyme for the thioester link. << Less

  Biochem J 304:945-949(1994) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.