Rhea - reaction knowledgebase

Enzymes

UniProtKB ^help_outline	1,429 proteins
Enzyme class ^help_outline	EC 3.6.1.17 bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical)
GO Molecular Function ^help_outline	GO:0004081 bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity

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Name ^help_outline P¹,P⁴-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate Identifier CHEBI:57553 (Beilstein: 7331899) ^help_outline Charge -4 Formula C20H24N10O21P4 InChIKey^help_outline OLGWXCQXRSSQPO-MHARETSRSA-J SMILES^help_outline Nc1nc2n(cnc2c(=O)[nH]1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c2nc(N)[nH]c3=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 3 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline H₂O Identifier CHEBI:15377 (CAS: 7732-18-5) ^help_outline Charge 0 Formula H2O InChIKey^help_outline XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES^help_outline [H]O[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 6,264 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline GMP Identifier CHEBI:58115 Charge -2 Formula C10H12N5O8P InChIKey^help_outline RQFCJASXJCIDSX-UUOKFMHZSA-L SMILES^help_outline Nc1nc2n(cnc2c(=O)[nH]1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 39 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline GTP Identifier CHEBI:37565 (Beilstein: 5211792) ^help_outline Charge -4 Formula C10H12N5O14P3 InChIKey^help_outline XKMLYUALXHKNFT-UUOKFMHZSA-J SMILES^help_outline Nc1nc2n(cnc2c(=O)[nH]1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 94 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline H⁺ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKey^help_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES^help_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,521 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule

Cross-references

	RHEA:22484	RHEA:22485	RHEA:22486	RHEA:22487
Reaction direction	undefined	left-to-right	right-to-left	bidirectional
UniProtKB ^help_outline	1,429 proteins
EC numbers ^help_outline	3.6.1.17
Gene Ontology ^help_outline	GO:0004081
KEGG ^help_outline				R01232
MetaCyc ^help_outline		3.6.1.17-RXN
Reactome ^help_outline		R-HSA-5696197.2

Publications

Molecular cloning of diadenosine tetraphosphatase from pig small intestinal mucosa and identification of sequence blocks common to diadenosine polyphosphate hydrolases and phosphorylases.

Hankin S., Winteroe A.K., McLennan A.G.

Diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) pyrophosphohydrolase is the enzyme responsible for reducing intracellular levels of the stress-responsive nucleotide diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate. In order to gain more information on the relationships between the enzymes hydrolysing diaden ... >> More

Diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) pyrophosphohydrolase is the enzyme responsible for reducing intracellular levels of the stress-responsive nucleotide diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate. In order to gain more information on the relationships between the enzymes hydrolysing diadenosine polyphosphates in different eukaryotes, the Ap4A hydrolase and a corresponding cDNA have been isolated from pig small intestinal mucosa by standard procedures. The enzyme is a typical mammalian Ap4A hydrolase (Km = 0.8 microM) being sensitive to inhibition by fluoride (Ki = 24 microM) and adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate (Ki = 10 nM) and yielding ATP and AMP as products. A low Km Ap4A hydrolase (Km = 0.3 microM) was also isolated from rabbit small intestinal mucosa. These enzymes differ from the rat intestinal mucosal hydrolase, which has much higher values of Km for Ap4A and Ki for adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate. A cDNA encoding the pig enzyme was isolated from a pig ileum cDNA library. The derived amino acid sequence of the 16.8 kDa gene product shows 88% identity and 96% similarity to that of the human enzyme. The sequence has the same modification of the MutT motif found in the human enzyme in which a threonine residue replaces a hydrophobic amino acid. Sequences comparisons among eukaryotic diadenosine polyphosphate hydrolases and phosphorylases reveal two blocks of amino acid similarity, including a motif, Z[AD]Gx[ED]AGQ, which may be involved in polyphosphate binding by the hydrolases, and an invariant histidine residue that may be involved in catalysis. These sequence similarities may have arisen by convergent evolution. << Less

Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29:317-323(1997) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
Isolation, purification, and characterization of P1,P4-diguanosine 5'-tetraphosphate asymmetrical-pyrophosphohydrolase from brine shrimp eggs.

Warner A.H., Finamore F.J.

Biochemistry 4:1568-1575(1965) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
PrpE, a PPP protein phosphatase from Bacillus subtilis with unusual substrate specificity.

Iwanicki A., Herman-Antosiewicz A., Pierechod M., Seror S.J., Obuchowski M.

Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive bacterium with a relatively large number of protein phosphatases. Previous studies have shown that some Ser/Thr phosphatases play an important role in the life cycle of this bacterium [Losick and Stragier (1992) Nature (London) 355, 601-604; Yang, Kang, Brody a ... >> More

Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive bacterium with a relatively large number of protein phosphatases. Previous studies have shown that some Ser/Thr phosphatases play an important role in the life cycle of this bacterium [Losick and Stragier (1992) Nature (London) 355, 601-604; Yang, Kang, Brody and Price (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 2265-2275]. In this paper, we report the biochemical properties of a putative, previously uncharacterized phosphatase, PrpE, belonging to the PPP family. This enzyme shares homology with other PPP phosphatases as well as with symmetrical diadenosine tetraphosphatases related to ApaH (symmetrical Ap(4)A hydrolase) from Escherichia coli. A His-tagged recombinant PrpE was purified from E. coli and shown to have Ni(2+)-dependent and okadaic acid-resistant phosphatase activity against a synthetic phosphorylated peptide and hydrolase activity against diadenosine 5',5"'-tetraphosphate. Unexpectedly, PrpE was able to remove phosphate from phosphotyrosine, but not from phosphothreonine or phosphoserine. << Less

Biochem. J. 366:929-936(2002) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
Dinucleosidasetetraphosphatase in rat liver and Artemia salina.

Vallejo C.G., Lobaton C.D., Quintanilla M., Sillero A., Sillero M.A.

A comparative study of an enzymatic activity present in Artemia salina and rat liver which specifically splits dinucleoside tetraphosphates is presented. All the purine and pyrimidine dinucleoside tetraphosphates tested, i.e. diadenosine, diguanosine, dixanthosine and diuridine tetraphosphates, we ... >> More

A comparative study of an enzymatic activity present in Artemia salina and rat liver which specifically splits dinucleoside tetraphosphates is presented. All the purine and pyrimidine dinucleoside tetraphosphates tested, i.e. diadenosine, diguanosine, dixanthosine and diuridine tetraphosphates, were substrates of both enzymes with similar maximum velocities and Km values, (around 10 muM). The inhibition by nucleotides of the enzyme from the two sources is also similar. Particularly relevant is the strong inhibition caused by nucleoside tetraphosphates which have Ki values in the nanomolar range. The Artemia enzyme has a slightly lower molecular weight (17 500) than the liver enzyme (21 000) and is more resistant to acidic pH. Based on previous findings, the enzyme from Artemia salina was named diguanosinetetraphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.17) by the Enzyme Commission. The results presented in this paper show that the liver and Artemia enzymes are similar, and we propose to name this enzyme as dinucleosidetetraphosphatase or dinucleoside-tetraphosphate nucleotidehydrolase. << Less

Biochim Biophys Acta 438:304-309(1976) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
Enzymes hydrolyzing ApppA and/or AppppA in higher plants. Purification and some properties of diadenosine triphosphatase, diadenosine tetraphosphatase, and phosphodiesterase from yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) seeds.

Jakubowski H., Guranowski A.

Three distinct enzymes hydrolyzing either ApppA or AppppA, or both, were separated and purified from yellow lupin seed extracts. Two of the enzymes were purified to homogeneity. These enzymes differ greatly in their catalytic and physical properties. One hydrolase, with a native molecular weight o ... >> More

Three distinct enzymes hydrolyzing either ApppA or AppppA, or both, were separated and purified from yellow lupin seed extracts. Two of the enzymes were purified to homogeneity. These enzymes differ greatly in their catalytic and physical properties. One hydrolase, with a native molecular weight of 41,000, exhibits broad pH (from 5-8) optimum for activity, requires Mg2+ for activity, is inhibited by zinc ions (I0.5 = 25 microM) and hydrolyses ApppA (V = 1), ApppC (V = 0.38), ApppG (V = 0.2), and ribose(5')pppA (V = 0.2). The enzyme exhibits much lower activity with AppppA (V = 0.1), and ApppppA, AppppppA, ppppA, and ATP are hydrolyzed 25-to 100-fold slower then ApppA. ADP was always one of the products of the reactions catalyzed by the enzyme. AppA, NAD, NADP, FAD, cAMP, and p-nitrophenyl-thymidine 5'-phosphate were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The enzyme is diadenosine 5',5"'-P1, P3-triphosphatase. The second hydrolase, composed of one polypeptide chain of a molecular weight 18,000-18,500, exhibits optimal activity in the pH range from 7.5-9, requires Mg2+ for activity, is inhibited by calcium ions (I0.5 for calcium depends on the concentration of Mg2+ and is 35-180 microM in the presence of 0.5-10 mM Mg2+, respectively), and hydrolyzes AppppA (V = 1, Km = 1 microM), ApppppA (V = 0.42, Km = 1.8 microM), AppppppA (V = 0.34), AppppU (V = 0.73), AppppC (V = 0.67), AppppG (V = 0.27), and ppppA. ATP was always one of the products of the reactions catalyzed by the enzyme. Dinucleoside di- and triphosphates, ATP, cAMP, and p-nitrophenylthymidine 5'-phosphate were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. This enzyme is diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.17). The third hydrolase, composed of one polypeptide chain of a molecular weight of 56,000, exhibits maximal activity at pH 9-10.5, does not require Mg2+ ions for activity, is inhibited neither by divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Mn2+, or Ni2+) nor by EDTA, and uses as substrates all compounds which are substrates for the diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P3-triphosphatase and diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphatase. In addition, the enzyme hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl-thymidine 5'-phosphate, p-nitrophenylthymidine 3'-phosphate, bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate, ADP, AppA, NAD, NADP, and FAD, but not cAMP. With the exception of p-nitrophenylphosphate derivatives all other substrates of the enzyme yield AMP as one of the products of hydrolysis. This enzyme has a specificity similar to that of phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.1) from other sources. With the lupin phosphodiesterase, ApppA (V = 1, Km = 2.2 microM) and AppppA (V = 1, Km = 2.0 microM) are better substrates than NAD (V = 0.8, Km = 9.6 microM), AppA (V = 0.4), ApppppA (V = 0.6), and AppppppA (V = 0.34). << Less

J Biol Chem 258:9982-9989(1983) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

RHEA:22484 P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate + H2O = GMP + GTP + 2 H(+)

Enzymes

Reaction participants Show >> << Hide

Cross-references

Publications

Molecular cloning of diadenosine tetraphosphatase from pig small intestinal mucosa and identification of sequence blocks common to diadenosine polyphosphate hydrolases and phosphorylases.

Isolation, purification, and characterization of P1,P4-diguanosine 5'-tetraphosphate asymmetrical-pyrophosphohydrolase from brine shrimp eggs.

PrpE, a PPP protein phosphatase from Bacillus subtilis with unusual substrate specificity.

Dinucleosidasetetraphosphatase in rat liver and Artemia salina.

Enzymes hydrolyzing ApppA and/or AppppA in higher plants. Purification and some properties of diadenosine triphosphatase, diadenosine tetraphosphatase, and phosphodiesterase from yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) seeds.