Rhea - reaction knowledgebase

Enzymes

UniProtKB ^help_outline	1,856 proteins
Enzyme class ^help_outline	EC 1.3.1.70 Delta(14)-sterol reductase
GO Molecular Function ^help_outline	GO:0050613 delta14-sterol reductase activity

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Name ^help_outline 4,4-dimethyl-5α-cholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol Identifier CHEBI:18364 (CAS: 7448-02-4) ^help_outline Charge 0 Formula C29H48O InChIKey^help_outline CHGIKSSZNBCNDW-QGBOJXOESA-N SMILES^help_outline C12=C([C@]3([C@]([C@](CC3)([C@@H](CCC=C(C)C)C)[H])(C)CC1)[H])CC[C@@]4([C@@]2(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O)C)[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 6 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline NADP⁺ Identifier CHEBI:58349 Charge -3 Formula C21H25N7O17P3 InChIKey^help_outline XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-K SMILES^help_outline NC(=O)c1ccc[n+](c1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,316 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline 4,4-dimethyl-5α-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3β-ol Identifier CHEBI:17813 (CAS: 64284-64-6) ^help_outline Charge 0 Formula C29H46O InChIKey^help_outline LFQXEZVYNCBVDO-PBJLWWPKSA-N SMILES^help_outline [H][C@@]1(CC=C2C3=C(CC[C@]12C)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@]1([H])CC3)[C@H](C)CCC=C(C)C 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 3 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline NADPH Identifier CHEBI:57783 (Beilstein: 10411862) ^help_outline Charge -4 Formula C21H26N7O17P3 InChIKey^help_outline ACFIXJIJDZMPPO-NNYOXOHSSA-J SMILES^help_outline NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,310 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Name ^help_outline H⁺ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKey^help_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES^help_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,717 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule

Cross-references

	RHEA:18561	RHEA:18562	RHEA:18563	RHEA:18564
Reaction direction	undefined	left-to-right	right-to-left	bidirectional
UniProtKB ^help_outline	1,856 proteins		4 proteins
EC numbers ^help_outline	1.3.1.70
Gene Ontology ^help_outline	GO:0050613
KEGG ^help_outline				R05639
MetaCyc ^help_outline			RXN66-14
Reactome ^help_outline	R-HSA-194698.2		R-HSA-194674.2

Publications

Autosomal recessive HEM/Greenberg skeletal dysplasia is caused by 3 beta-hydroxysterol delta 14-reductase deficiency due to mutations in the lamin B receptor gene.

Waterham H.R., Koster J., Mooyer P., van Noort G., Kelley R.I., Wilcox W.R., Wanders R.J., Hennekam R.C.M., Oosterwijk J.C.

Hydrops-ectopic calcification-"moth-eaten" (HEM) or Greenberg skeletal dysplasia is an autosomal recessive chondrodystrophy with a lethal course, characterized by fetal hydrops, short limbs, and abnormal chondro-osseous calcification. We found elevated levels of cholesta-8,14-dien-3beta-ol in cult ... >> More

Hydrops-ectopic calcification-"moth-eaten" (HEM) or Greenberg skeletal dysplasia is an autosomal recessive chondrodystrophy with a lethal course, characterized by fetal hydrops, short limbs, and abnormal chondro-osseous calcification. We found elevated levels of cholesta-8,14-dien-3beta-ol in cultured skin fibroblasts of an 18-wk-old fetus with HEM, compatible with a deficiency of the cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme 3beta-hydroxysterol delta(14)-reductase. Sequence analysis of two candidate genes encoding putative human sterol delta(14)-reductases (TM7SF2 and LBR) identified a homozygous 1599-1605TCTTCTA-->CTAGAAG substitution in exon 13 of the LBR gene encoding the lamin B receptor, which results in a truncated protein. Functional complementation of the HEM cells by transfection with control LBR cDNA confirmed that LBR encoded the defective sterol delta(14)-reductase. Mutations in LBR recently have been reported also to cause Pelger-Huët anomaly, an autosomal dominant trait characterized by hypolobulated nuclei and abnormal chromatin structure in granulocytes. The fact that the healthy mother of the fetus showed hypolobulated nuclei in 60% of her granulocytes confirms that classic Pelger-Huët anomaly represents the heterozygous state of 3beta-hydroxysterol delta(14)-reductase deficiency. << Less

Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:1013-1017(2003) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
Cloning and expression of sterol Delta14-reductase from bovine liver.

Roberti R., Bennati A.M., Galli G., Caruso D., Maras B., Aisa C., Beccari T., Della Fazia M.A., Servillo G.

Biosynthesis of cholesterol represents one of the fundamental cellular metabolic processes. Sterol Delta 14-reductase (Delta 14-SR) is a microsomal enzyme involved in the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol in mammals. Amino-acid sequence analysis of a 38-kDa protein purified from bovine liver ... >> More

Biosynthesis of cholesterol represents one of the fundamental cellular metabolic processes. Sterol Delta 14-reductase (Delta 14-SR) is a microsomal enzyme involved in the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol in mammals. Amino-acid sequence analysis of a 38-kDa protein purified from bovine liver in our laboratory revealed > 90% similarity with a human sterol reductase, SR-1, encoded by the TM7SF2 gene, and with the C-terminal domain of human lamin B receptor. A cDNA encoding the 38-kDa protein, similar to human TM7SF2, was identified by analysis of a bovine expressed sequence tag (EST) database. The cDNA was synthesized by RT-PCR, cloned, and sequenced. The cDNA encodes a 418 amino-acid polypeptide with nine predicted transmembrane domains. The deduced amino-acid sequence exhibits high similarity with Delta 14-SR from yeasts, fungi, and plants (55-59%), suggesting that the bovine cDNA encodes Delta 14-SR. Northern blot analysis of bovine tissues showed high expression of mRNA in liver and brain. The polypeptide encoded by the cloned cDNA was expressed in COS-7 cells. Immunofluorescence analysis of transfected cells revealed a distribution of the protein throughout the ER. COS-7 cells expressing the protein exhibited Delta 14-SR activity about sevenfold higher than control cells. These results demonstrate that the cloned bovine cDNA encodes Delta 14-SR and provide evidence that the human TM7SF2 gene encodes Delta 14-SR. << Less

Eur. J. Biochem. 269:283-290(2002) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

This publication is cited by 1 other entry.
Microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. Characterization, solubilization, and partial purification of NADPH-dependent delta 8,14-steroid 14-reductase.

Paik Y.K., Trzaskos J.M., Shafiee A., Gaylor J.L.

The membrane-bound enzyme of microsomes that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of the 14-double bond of conjugated delta 8,14- and delta 7,14-sterols has been studied both as collected in microsomes from broken cell preparations of rat liver and after solubilization. Optimal incubation condition ... >> More

The membrane-bound enzyme of microsomes that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of the 14-double bond of conjugated delta 8,14- and delta 7,14-sterols has been studied both as collected in microsomes from broken cell preparations of rat liver and after solubilization. Optimal incubation conditions for assay of the membrane-bound enzyme have been determined, and properties of the microsomal enzyme have been established with respect to cofactor requirements, kinetics, pH, addition of inhibitors, addition of glycerol phosphatides, and sterol substrate specificity. The 14-reductase is readily solubilized with a mixture of octylglucoside and taurodeoxycholic acid. The solubilized enzyme has been enriched by precipitation with polyethylene glycol and chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and hydroxylapatite columns. The resulting partially purified enzyme has been obtained free of other microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis: 4-methyl sterol oxidase, delta 5,7-sterol 7-reductase, delta 8,24-sterol 24-reductase, 3-ketosteroid reductase, and steroid 8----7-ene isomerase, plus microsomal cytochrome P-450, cytochrome P-450 reductase, cytochrome b5 reductase, and cytochrome b5. The partially purified enzyme is stimulated by addition of phospholipids. All of the properties exhibited by partially purified 14-reductase are consistent with the suggestion that the solubilized and enriched enzyme catalyzes the microsomal reduction of the 14-double bond of the sterol-conjugated dienes. However, presence of the enzyme does not prove that the sterol-conjugated dienes are obligatory precursors of cholesterol. << Less

J Biol Chem 259:13413-13423(1984) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

This publication is cited by 2 other entries.

RHEA:18561 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADP(+) = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H(+)

Enzymes

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Cross-references

Publications

Autosomal recessive HEM/Greenberg skeletal dysplasia is caused by 3 beta-hydroxysterol delta 14-reductase deficiency due to mutations in the lamin B receptor gene.

Cloning and expression of sterol Delta14-reductase from bovine liver.

Microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. Characterization, solubilization, and partial purification of NADPH-dependent delta 8,14-steroid 14-reductase.