Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 70 proteins |
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- Name help_outline dimethylallyl diphosphate Identifier CHEBI:57623 (Beilstein: 5288443; CAS: 22679-02-3) help_outline Charge -3 Formula C5H9O7P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline CBIDRCWHNCKSTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K SMILEShelp_outline CC(C)=CCOP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 79 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline L-tryptophan Identifier CHEBI:57912 Charge 0 Formula C11H12N2O2 InChIKeyhelp_outline QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N SMILEShelp_outline [NH3+][C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 56 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline 4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan Identifier CHEBI:58209 Charge 0 Formula C16H20N2O2 InChIKeyhelp_outline MZSPRSJAOSKAAT-ZDUSSCGKSA-N SMILEShelp_outline CC(C)=CCc1cccc2[nH]cc(C[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O)c12 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline diphosphate Identifier CHEBI:33019 (Beilstein: 185088) help_outline Charge -3 Formula HO7P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-K SMILEShelp_outline OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,129 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:14173 | RHEA:14174 | RHEA:14175 | RHEA:14176 | |
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| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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Publications
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The determinant step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis by an endophyte of perennial ryegrass.
Wang J., Machado C., Panaccione D.G., Tsai H.-F., Schardl C.L.
Many cool-season grasses harbor fungal endophytes in the genus Neotyphodium, which enhance host fitness, but some also produce metabolites--such as ergovaline--believed to cause livestock toxicoses. In Claviceps species the first step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis is thought to be dimethylallyltr ... >> More
Many cool-season grasses harbor fungal endophytes in the genus Neotyphodium, which enhance host fitness, but some also produce metabolites--such as ergovaline--believed to cause livestock toxicoses. In Claviceps species the first step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis is thought to be dimethylallyltryptophan (DMAT) synthase, encoded by dmaW, previously cloned from Claviceps fusiformis. Here we report the cloning and characterization of dmaW from Neotyphodium sp. isolate Lp1, an endophyte of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The gene was then disrupted, and the mutant failed to produce any detectable ergovaline or simpler ergot and clavine alkaloids. The disruption was complemented with the C. fusiformis gene, which restored ergovaline production. Thus, the biosynthetic role of DMAT synthase was confirmed, and a mutant was generated for future studies of the ecological and agricultural importance of ergot alkaloids in endophytes of grasses. << Less
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Overproduction, purification and characterization of FgaPT2, a dimethylallyltryptophan synthase from Aspergillus fumigatus.
Unsoeld I.A., Li S.-M.
A putative dimethylallyltryptophan synthase gene, fgaPT2, was identified in the genome sequence of Aspergillus fumigatus. fgaPT2 was cloned and overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein FgaPT2 was purified to near homogeneity and characterized biochemically. This enzyme was found to c ... >> More
A putative dimethylallyltryptophan synthase gene, fgaPT2, was identified in the genome sequence of Aspergillus fumigatus. fgaPT2 was cloned and overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The protein FgaPT2 was purified to near homogeneity and characterized biochemically. This enzyme was found to convert L-tryptophan to 4-dimethylallyltryptophan, a reaction known to be the first step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis. FgaPT2 is a soluble, dimeric protein with a subunit size of 52 kDa, and contains no putative prenyl diphosphate binding site (N/D)DXXD. Km values for L-tryptophan and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) were determined as 8 and 4 microM, respectively. Metal ions, such as Mg2+ and Ca2+, enhance the reaction velocity, but are not essential for the enzymic reaction. FgaPT2 showed a relatively strict substrate specificity for both tryptophan and DMAPP. FgaPT2 is the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids to be purified and characterized in homogeneous form after heterologous overproduction. << Less
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The Claviceps purpurea gene encoding dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, the committed step for ergot alkaloid biosynthesis.
Tsai H.-F., Wang H., Gebler J.C., Poulter C.D., Schardl C.L.
The first pathway-specific step of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in the fungus, Claviceps purpurea, is catalyzed by the prenyltransferase, 4-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)tryptophan synthase. Partial sequence information was obtained for the purified enzyme and a degenerate oligonucleotide mixture was ... >> More
The first pathway-specific step of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in the fungus, Claviceps purpurea, is catalyzed by the prenyltransferase, 4-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)tryptophan synthase. Partial sequence information was obtained for the purified enzyme and a degenerate oligonucleotide mixture was used to identify and amplify segments of the gene, dmaW. The complete gene and near-full-length cDNA were cloned and sequenced. The cDNA was cloned in a yeast expression vector in sense and antisense orientations relative to the inducible GAL1 promoter. Extracts of yeast transformants with the sense constructs, but not antisense constructs or cloning vector, catalyzed production of 4-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)tryptophan. The sequence of dmaW and its cDNA indicated that it encoded a 455 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 51,824 Da and a putative prenyl diphosphate binding motif. << Less
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 216:119-125(1995) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
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Purification and properties of dimethylallylpyrophosphate:tryptopharm dimethylallyl transferase, the first enzyme of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in Claviceps. sp. SD 58.
Lee S.L., Floss H.G., Heinstein P.
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Purification and characterization of dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase from Claviceps purpurea.
Gebler J.C., Poulter C.D.
Dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase (DMAT synthase) catalyzes the alkylation of L-tryptophan by dimethylallyl diphosphate to form 4-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)-L-tryptophan. The enzyme from mycelia of Claviceps purpurea was purified approximately 125-fold to apparent homogeneity by chromatography on ... >> More
Dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase (DMAT synthase) catalyzes the alkylation of L-tryptophan by dimethylallyl diphosphate to form 4-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)-L-tryptophan. The enzyme from mycelia of Claviceps purpurea was purified approximately 125-fold to apparent homogeneity by chromatography on n-butyl Sepharose, Q Sepharose, phenyl Sepharose, and Protein Pak as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Analysis by gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE indicated that DMAT synthase is an alpha 2 dimer with a molecular mass of 105 kDa. The purified enzyme was active in metal-free buffer containing EDTA. However, activity was enhanced upon addition of divalent calcium or magnesium ions to the buffer. Values for KM and Vmax were determined in the metal-free EDTA buffer (KMDMAPP, 14 microM; KML-tryptophan, 40 microM; Vmax, 215 nmol min-1 mg-1), 4 mM CaCl2 (KMDMAPP, 8.0 microM; KML-tryptophan, 17 microM; Vmax, 504 nmol min-1 mg-1), and 4 mM MgCl2 (KMDMAPP, 8.0 microM; KML-tryptophan, 12 microM; Vmax, 455 nmol min-1 mg-1). The product was isolated and characterized by 1H NMR, uv, and FAB mass spectrometry. << Less
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 296:308-313(1992) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]