Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 757 proteins |
| Enzyme class help_outline |
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- Name help_outline 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 Identifier CHEBI:57402 Charge -1 Formula C20H31O5 InChIKeyhelp_outline CUJMXIQZWPZMNQ-XYYGWQPLSA-M SMILEShelp_outline CCCCCC(=O)CC[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline NAD+ Identifier CHEBI:57540 (Beilstein: 3868403) help_outline Charge -1 Formula C21H26N7O14P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-M SMILEShelp_outline NC(=O)c1ccc[n+](c1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,201 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 Identifier CHEBI:57400 Charge -1 Formula C20H29O5 InChIKeyhelp_outline YRTJDWROBKPZNV-KMXMBPPJSA-M SMILEShelp_outline CCCCCC(=O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 4 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline NADH Identifier CHEBI:57945 (Beilstein: 3869564) help_outline Charge -2 Formula C21H27N7O14P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-L SMILEShelp_outline NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,130 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H+ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKeyhelp_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,717 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:11916 | RHEA:11917 | RHEA:11918 | RHEA:11919 | |
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| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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Publications
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Structural basis for catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of human prostaglandin reductase PTGR2.
Wu Y.H., Ko T.P., Guo R.T., Hu S.M., Chuang L.M., Wang A.H.
PTGR2 catalyzes an NADPH-dependent reduction of the conjugated alpha,beta-unsaturated double bond of 15-keto-PGE(2), a key step in terminal inactivation of prostaglandins and suppression of PPARgamma-mediated adipocyte differentiation. Selective inhibition of PTGR2 may contribute to the improvemen ... >> More
PTGR2 catalyzes an NADPH-dependent reduction of the conjugated alpha,beta-unsaturated double bond of 15-keto-PGE(2), a key step in terminal inactivation of prostaglandins and suppression of PPARgamma-mediated adipocyte differentiation. Selective inhibition of PTGR2 may contribute to the improvement of insulin sensitivity with fewer side effects. PTGR2 belongs to the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. The crystal structures reported here reveal features of the NADPH binding-induced conformational change in a LID motif and a polyproline type II helix which are critical for the reaction. Mutation of Tyr64 and Tyr259 significantly reduces the rate of catalysis but increases the affinity to substrate, confirming the structural observations. Besides targeting cyclooxygenase, indomethacin also inhibits PTGR2 with a binding mode similar to that of 15-keto-PGE(2). The LID motif becomes highly disordered upon the binding of indomethacin, indicating plasticity of the active site. This study has implications for the rational design of inhibitors of PTGR2. << Less
Structure 16:1714-1723(2008) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.
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Identification of dual cyclooxygenase-eicosanoid oxidoreductase inhibitors: NSAIDs that inhibit PG-LX reductase/LTB(4) dehydrogenase.
Clish C.B., Sun Y.P., Serhan C.N.
Eicosanoids play key roles in many physiologic and disease processes, and their regulation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is critical to many therapeutic approaches. These autacoids are rapidly inactivated by specific enzymes such as 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH ... >> More
Eicosanoids play key roles in many physiologic and disease processes, and their regulation by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is critical to many therapeutic approaches. These autacoids are rapidly inactivated by specific enzymes such as 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) and 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase/leukotriene B(4) 12-hydroxydehydrogenase (PGR/LTB(4)DH) that act on main series of eicosanoids (i.e., leukotrienes, prostaglandins), and recently found to act in lipoxin inactivation. Here, a panel of NSAIDs was assessed to determine each compound's ability to inhibit eicosanoid-directed activities of either the recombinant 15-PGDH or the PG-LXR/LTB(4)DH. The recombinant 15-PGDH that acts on both prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) was not significantly inhibited by the NSAIDs tested. In contrast, several of the widely used NSAIDs were potent inhibitors of the PG-LXR/LTB(4)DH that metabolizes 15-oxo-PGE(2), and LTB(4) as well as 15-oxo-LXA(4). Diclofenac and indomethacin each inhibited PG-LXR/LTB(4)DH-catalyzed conversion of 15-oxo-PGE(2) to 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-PGE(2) by 70 and 95%, respectively. Also, a COX-2 inhibitor, niflumic acid, inhibited the PG-LXR/LTB(4)DH eicosanoid oxidoreductase (EOR) by 80% while other COX-2 inhibitors such as nimesulide and NS-398 did not inhibit this enzyme. These results indicate that certain clinically useful NSAIDs such as diclofenac and indomethacin, in addition to inhibiting cyclooxygenases (1 and 2), also interfere with eicosanoid degradation by blocking PG-LXR/LTB(4)DH (EOR) and are members of a new class of dual cyclooxygenase (COX)-EOR inhibitors. Moreover, they suggest that the impact of NSAIDs on PG-LXR/LTB(4)DH activities as targets in the local tissue regulation of eicosanoid-mediated processes should be taken into account. << Less
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 288:868-874(2001) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 2 other entries.
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Identification of a novel prostaglandin reductase reveals the involvement of prostaglandin E2 catabolism in regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation.
Chou W.-L., Chuang L.-M., Chou C.-C., Wang A.H.-J., Lawson J.A., FitzGerald G.A., Chang Z.-F.
This report identifies a novel gene encoding 15-oxoprostaglandin-Delta13-reductase (PGR-2), which catalyzes the reaction converting 15-keto-PGE2 to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2. The expression of PGR-2 is up-regulated in the late phase of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and predominantly distribute ... >> More
This report identifies a novel gene encoding 15-oxoprostaglandin-Delta13-reductase (PGR-2), which catalyzes the reaction converting 15-keto-PGE2 to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2. The expression of PGR-2 is up-regulated in the late phase of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and predominantly distributed in adipose tissue. Overexpression of PGR-2 in cells decreases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-dependent transcription and prohibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation without affecting expression of PPARgamma. Interestingly, we found that 15-keto-PGE2 can act as a ligand of PPARgamma to increase co-activator recruitment, thus activating PPARgamma-mediated transcription and enhancing adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. Overexpression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidation reaction of PGE2 to form 15-keto-PGE2, significantly increased PPARgamma-mediated transcription in a PGE2-dependent manner. Reciprocally, overexpression of wild-type PGR-2, but not the catalytically defective mutant, abolished the effect of 15-keto-PGE2 on PPARgamma activation. These results demonstrate a novel link between catabolism of PGE2 and regulation of ligand-induced PPARgamma activation. << Less
J. Biol. Chem. 282:18162-18172(2007) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 4 other entries.
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Prostaglandin reductase-3 negatively modulates adipogenesis through regulation of PPARgamma activity.
Yu Y.H., Chang Y.C., Su T.H., Nong J.Y., Li C.C., Chuang L.M.
Adipocyte differentiation is a multistep program under regulation by several factors. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) serves as a master regulator of adipogenesis. However, the endogenous ligand for PPARγ remained elusive until 15-keto-PGE2 was identified recently as an endoge ... >> More
Adipocyte differentiation is a multistep program under regulation by several factors. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) serves as a master regulator of adipogenesis. However, the endogenous ligand for PPARγ remained elusive until 15-keto-PGE2 was identified recently as an endogenous PPARγ ligand. In this study, we demonstrate that zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ZADH2; here termed prostaglandin reductase-3, PTGR-3) is a new member of prostaglandin reductase family that converts 15-keto-PGE2 to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2. Adipogenesis is accelerated when endogenous PTGR-3 is silenced in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, whereas forced expression of PTGR-3 significantly decreases adipogenesis. PTGR-3 expression decreased during adipocyte differentiation, accompanied by an increased level of 15-keto-PGE2. 15-keto-PGE2 exerts a potent proadipogenic effect by enhancing PPARγ activity, whereas overexpression of PTGR-3 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes markedly suppressed the proadipogenic effect of 15-keto-PGE2 by repressing PPARγ activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate for the first time that PTGR-3 is a novel 15-oxoprostaglandin-Δ(13)-reductase and plays a critical role in modulation of normal adipocyte differentiation via regulation of PPARγ activity. Thus, modulation of PTGR-3 might provide a novel avenue for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. << Less
J. Lipid Res. 54:2391-2399(2013) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 4 other entries.