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- Name help_outline fluoroacetaldehyde Identifier CHEBI:14272 (CAS: 1544-46-3) help_outline Charge 0 Formula C2H3FO InChIKeyhelp_outline YYDWYJJLVYDJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline FCC=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline L-threonine Identifier CHEBI:57926 Charge 0 Formula C4H9NO3 InChIKeyhelp_outline AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N SMILEShelp_outline C[C@@H](O)[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 32 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline 4-fluoro-L-threonine Identifier CHEBI:57264 Charge 0 Formula C4H8FNO3 InChIKeyhelp_outline GTFWIYJIEXNAOL-GBXIJSLDSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [NH3+][C@@H]([C@H](O)CF)C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline acetaldehyde Identifier CHEBI:15343 (Beilstein: 505984; CAS: 75-07-0) help_outline Charge 0 Formula C2H4O InChIKeyhelp_outline IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H]C(C)=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 47 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:11748 | RHEA:11749 | RHEA:11750 | RHEA:11751 | |
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| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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Publications
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In vitro reconstituted biotransformation of 4-fluorothreonine from fluoride ion: application of the fluorinase.
Deng H., Cross S.M., McGlinchey R.P., Hamilton J.T., O'Hagan D.
In this paper, we report that fluoride ion is converted to the amino acid/antibiotic 4-fluorothreonine 2 in a biotransformation involving five (steps a-e) overexpressed enzymes. The biotransformation validates the biosynthetic pathway to 4-fluorothreonine in the bacterium Streptomyces cattleya (Sc ... >> More
In this paper, we report that fluoride ion is converted to the amino acid/antibiotic 4-fluorothreonine 2 in a biotransformation involving five (steps a-e) overexpressed enzymes. The biotransformation validates the biosynthetic pathway to 4-fluorothreonine in the bacterium Streptomyces cattleya (Schaffrath et al., 2002). To achieve an in vitro biotransformation, the fluorinase and the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enzymes (steps a and b), which are coded for by the flA and flB genes of the fluorometabolite gene cluster in S. cattleya, were overexpressed. Also, an isomerase gene product that can convert 5-FDRP 6 to 5-FDRibulP 7 (step c) was identified in S. cattleya, and the enzyme was overexpressed for the biotransformation. A fuculose aldolase gene from S. coelicolor was overexpressed in E. coli and was used as a surrogate aldolase (step d) in these experiments. To complete the complement of enzymes, an ORF coding the PLP-dependent transaldolase, the final enzyme of the fluorometabolite pathway, was identified in genomic DNA by a reverse genetics approach, and the S. cattleya gene/enzyme was then overexpressed in S. lividans. This latter enzyme is an unusual PLP-dependent catalyst with some homology to both bacterial serine hydroxymethyl transferases (SHMT) and C5 sugar isomerases/epimerases. The biotransformation demonstrates the power of the fluorinase to initiate C-F bond formation for organo-fluorine synthesis. << Less
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Identification of a PLP-Dependent Threonine Transaldolase: A Novel Enzyme Involved in 4-Fluorothreonine Biosynthesis in Streptomyces cattleya This work was supported by the Biotechnological and Biological Sciences Research Council and the University of St Andrews.
Murphy C.D., O'Hagan D., Schaffrath C.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 40:4479-4481(2001) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
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Fluorinated natural products: the biosynthesis of fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine in Streptomyces cattleya.
Murphy C.D., Schaffrath C., O'Hagan D.
Organofluorine compounds are rare in Nature, with only a handful known to be produced by some species of plant and two microorganisms. Consequently, the mechanism of enzymatic carbon-fluorine bond formation is poorly understood. The bacterium Streptomyces cattleya biosynthesises fluoroacetate and ... >> More
Organofluorine compounds are rare in Nature, with only a handful known to be produced by some species of plant and two microorganisms. Consequently, the mechanism of enzymatic carbon-fluorine bond formation is poorly understood. The bacterium Streptomyces cattleya biosynthesises fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine as secondary metabolites and is a convenient system to study the biosynthesis and enzymology of fluorometabolite production. Using stable-isotope labelled precursors it has been shown that there is a common intermediate in the biosynthesis of the fluorometabolites, which has recently been identified as fluoroacetaldehyde. Studies with cell-free extracts of S. cattleya have identified two enzymes, an aldehyde dehydrogenase and a threonine transaldolase, that are involved in the biotransformation of fluoroacetaldehyde to fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine. << Less
Chemosphere 52:455-461(2003) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.