Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 345 proteins |
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- Name help_outline 2',3'-cGAMP Identifier CHEBI:143093 Charge -2 Formula C20H22N10O13P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline XRILCFTWUCUKJR-INFSMZHSSA-L SMILEShelp_outline P1(O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]2O)N3C=NC=4C(=NC=NC43)N)COP(=O)(O[C@H]5[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]5O)CO1)N6C=NC=7C(NC(=NC76)N)=O)[O-])(=O)[O-] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H2O Identifier CHEBI:15377 (CAS: 7732-18-5) help_outline Charge 0 Formula H2O InChIKeyhelp_outline XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H]O[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 6,337 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline Gp(2'-5')Ap(3') Identifier CHEBI:143098 Charge -3 Formula C20H23N10O14P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline OVXKSNAROFCXFB-INFSMZHSSA-K SMILEShelp_outline P(O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)N2C=NC=3C(=NC=NC32)N)COP(=O)(O[C@H]4[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]4O)CO)N5C=NC=6C(NC(=NC65)N)=O)[O-])([O-])(=O)[O-] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H+ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKeyhelp_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,717 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:59472 | RHEA:59473 | RHEA:59474 | RHEA:59475 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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Viral and metazoan poxins are cGAMP-specific nucleases that restrict cGAS-STING signalling.
Eaglesham J.B., Pan Y., Kupper T.S., Kranzusch P.J.
Cytosolic DNA triggers innate immune responses through the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and production of the cyclic dinucleotide second messenger 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)<sup>1-4</sup>. 2',3'-cGAMP is a potent inducer of immune signalling; however, no intracellular nucleases a ... >> More
Cytosolic DNA triggers innate immune responses through the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and production of the cyclic dinucleotide second messenger 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)<sup>1-4</sup>. 2',3'-cGAMP is a potent inducer of immune signalling; however, no intracellular nucleases are known to cleave 2',3'-cGAMP and prevent the activation of the receptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING)<sup>5-7</sup>. Here we develop a biochemical screen to analyse 24 mammalian viruses, and identify poxvirus immune nucleases (poxins) as a family of 2',3'-cGAMP-degrading enzymes. Poxins cleave 2',3'-cGAMP to restrict STING-dependent signalling and deletion of the poxin gene (B2R) attenuates vaccinia virus replication in vivo. Crystal structures of vaccinia virus poxin in pre- and post-reactive states define the mechanism of selective 2',3'-cGAMP degradation through metal-independent cleavage of the 3'-5' bond, converting 2',3'-cGAMP into linear Gp[2'-5']Ap[3']. Poxins are conserved in mammalian poxviruses. In addition, we identify functional poxin homologues in the genomes of moths and butterflies and the baculoviruses that infect these insects. Baculovirus and insect host poxin homologues retain selective 2',3'-cGAMP degradation activity, suggesting an ancient role for poxins in cGAS-STING regulation. Our results define poxins as a family of 2',3'-cGAMP-specific nucleases and demonstrate a mechanism for how viruses evade innate immunity. << Less